(a)
Interpretation:
The value of change in pressure required to get a value of
Concept introduction:
The Gibbs free energy of the system represents the maximum amount of non-expansion work achieved by a
Answer to Problem 4.60E
The value of change in pressure required to get a value of
Explanation of Solution
The number of moles of water is
The molar volume is
The required value
The change in Gibbs energy of the condensed system is represented as shown below.
Where,
•
•
Rearrange the equation (1) for the value of
Substitute the value of
Therefore, the value of change in pressure required to get a value of
The value of change in pressure required to get a value
(b)
Interpretation:
The value of change in pressure for
Concept introduction:
The Gibbs free energy of the system represents the maximum amount of non-expansion work achieved by a thermodynamic system at isothermal and isobaric conditions. The change in Gibbs free energy is used to predict the spontaneity of the process. The change in Gibbs energy of the gaseous system isrepresented as shown below.
Answer to Problem 4.60E
The value of change in pressure for
Explanation of Solution
The temperature of the ideal gas is
The temperature of the ideal gas in Kelvin is calculated as shown below.
The required value of
The number of moles of the ideal gas is
The change in Gibbs energy of the gaseous system is represented as shown below.
Where,
•
•
•
•
•
Rearrange the equation (3) for the value of
Substitute the value of
The above expression is further solved as shown below.
One is subtracted from both sides of the above expression.
When the initial pressure of an ideal gas is assumed to be
Therefore, the value of change in pressure for
The value of change in pressure for
(c)
Interpretation:
The difference between the two corresponding values of change in pressure is to be explained.
Concept introduction:
The Gibbs free energy of the system represents the maximum amount of non-expansion work achieved by a thermodynamic system at isothermal and isobaric conditions. The change in Gibbs free energy is used to predict the spontaneity of the process. The change in Gibbs energy of the gaseous system isrepresented as shown below.
Answer to Problem 4.60E
The value of change in pressure for
Explanation of Solution
The value of change in pressure for
The value of change in pressure for
The value of change in pressure for
The gases are easily compressible than a condensed phase system. A small increase in pressure is required for compression of gas and a large increase in pressure is required to compress water. Therefore, the compression of gas requires less pressure than the compression of water.
The value of change in pressure for
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 4 Solutions
Physical Chemistry
- Enthalpy changes often help predict whether or not a process will be spontaneous. What type of reaction is more likely to be spontaneous: an exothermic or an endothermic one? Provide two examples that support your assertion and one counterexample.arrow_forwardFor the reaction at 298 K, 2NO2(g)N2O4(g) the values of H and S are 58.03 kJ and 176.6 J/K, respectively. What is the value of G at 298 K? Assuming that H and S do not depend on temperature, at what temperature is G = 0? Is G negative above or below this temperature?arrow_forward2. Which of the following is true for a spontaneous process but not for a nonspontaneous process? Energy in the universe is concentrated conserved dispersed not conservedarrow_forward
- What is the sign of the standard Gibbs free-energy change at low temperatures and at high temperatures for the synthesis of ammonia? 3H2(g) + N2(g) 2NH3(g)arrow_forwardThe decomposition of ozone, O3, to oxygen, O2, is an exothermic reaction. What is the sign of q? If you were to touch a flask in which ozone is decomposing to oxygen, would you expect the flask to feel warm or cool?arrow_forwardGiven the following information at 25C, calculate G at 25C for the reaction 2A(g)+B(g)3C(g) Substance Hf(kJ/mol) S(J/molK) A(g) 191 244 B(g) 70.8 300 C(g) 197 164 a 956 kJ b 956 kJ c 346 kJ d 346 kJ e 1.03 103 kJarrow_forward
- Solid NH4NO3 is placed in a beaker containing water at 25 C. When the solid has completely dissolved, the temperature of the solution is 23.5 C. (a) Was the process exothermic or endothermic? (b) Was the process spontaneous? (c) Did the entropy of the system increase? (d) Did the entropy of the universe increase?arrow_forwardSodium reacts violently with water according to the equation Na(s) + H2O() NaOH(aq) + H2(g) Without doing calculations, predict the signs of rH and rS for the reaction. Verify your prediction with a calculation.arrow_forwardThe formation of aluminum oxide from its elements is highly exothermic. If 2.70 g Al metal is burned in pure O2 to give A12O3, calculate how much thermal energy is evolved in the process (at constant pressure).arrow_forward
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningGeneral Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...ChemistryISBN:9781305580343Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; DarrellPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry for Engineering StudentsChemistryISBN:9781337398909Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom HolmePublisher:Cengage Learning