Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781259709227
Author: Marjorie Kelly Cowan Professor, Heidi Smith
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Question
Chapter 4, Problem 3Q
Summary Introduction
To explain:
A scenario in which it would be advantageous for the Last Common Ancestor to use RNA, while it would be advantageous for its descendants to use DNA.
Introduction:
The bacteria, archaea,and eukaryotes all have evolved from different kind of cells. The precursor of eukaryotes and prokaryotes is known as “Last common ancestor” (LCA). Theory of endosymbiosis explains that a bacterial cell engulfed the descendent cell of LCA (pre eukaryotic) and became the permanent part of LCA cell serving as mitochondria. Later with time, this association gave rise to the formation of the first eukaryotic cell.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Which of the following illustrates the unity observed in organisms with a common
ancestor?
Flamingos and penguins are different colors.
The gene for the human hormone insulin can be inserted into bacteria, and the resulting bacteria
can use the gene to produce functional insulin.
A robin can fly, but a penguin cannot.
Fungi tend to absorb nutrients from other organisms, while animals consume their food.
O Living organisms span a range of sizes.
Which statement about genome evolution is false?
Mutations at the ends of introns are less likely than in the middle of an intron.
Synonymous mutations rates are much higher than nonsynonymous mutation rates.
Psuedogenes show high rates of mutations.
Comparison of the mutational change in a specific gene can be used as a molecular clock to date evolutionary events between species.
Evolution in a gene sequence will occur the fastest in regions that have the greatest effect on function.
What are the implications of cellular and molecular biology for spontaneous generation and the hypothesis of evolution?
please just answer in a short paragraph, no need to be long and just a simple answer (easy to understand)
Chapter 4 Solutions
Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach
Ch. 4.1 - Relate bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic cells...Ch. 4.1 - List the types of eukaryotic microorganisms, and...Ch. 4.2 - Differentiate among the flagellar structures of...Ch. 4.2 - List similarities and differences between...Ch. 4.2 - Describe the main structural components of a...Ch. 4.2 - Diagram how the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum,...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 7AYPCh. 4.2 - Explain the importance of ribosomes, and...Ch. 4.2 - List and describe the three main fibers of the...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 10AYP
Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 1NPCh. 4.3 - Prob. 11AYPCh. 4.3 - Prob. 12AYPCh. 4.3 - Differentiate among the terms heterotroph,...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 14AYPCh. 4.3 - Prob. 15AYPCh. 4.3 - Q. Yeast infection is one common side effect of...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 2MMCh. 4.4 - Prob. 16AYPCh. 4.4 - Prob. 17AYPCh. 4.4 - Explain why a cyst stage may be useful to a...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 19AYPCh. 4.4 - Prob. 2NPCh. 4.5 - Prob. 20AYPCh. 4.5 - Summarize the stages of a typical helminth life...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 3NPCh. 4.5 - Prob. 3MMCh. 4 - Mitochondria likely originated from a. archaea. b....Ch. 4 - Summarize the endosymbiotic theory and explain how...Ch. 4 - Prob. 3QCh. 4 - Prob. 4QCh. 4 - Compare and contrast the structure and function of...Ch. 4 - Prob. 6QCh. 4 - Prob. 7QCh. 4 - Considering the role of fungi in nature, speculate...Ch. 4 - Prob. 9QCh. 4 - Prob. 10QCh. 4 - Prob. 11QCh. 4 - Prob. 12QCh. 4 - Prob. 13QCh. 4 - Prob. 14QCh. 4 - Do you suppose any of these eukaryotic microbes...Ch. 4 - Which of these groups causes the most casualties...Ch. 4 - Prob. 17QCh. 4 - Do you suspect that the fact that humans use...Ch. 4 - Which of the following is not useful to determine...Ch. 4 - Why were protozoa originally considered a single...Ch. 4 - Write a paragraph that would explain the...Ch. 4 - From chapter 2, figure 2.1. Discuss how the...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Which of the following passages inaccurately describes the evolutionary process? Wings are a highly valuable structure for any species as they increase survivorship and dispersal capabilities. Insect wings are hypothesized to have evolved from dorsal extensions from their thorax that, over generations, were selected for as they helped to absorb solar energy, aiding in thermoregulation. AS mutations continued to accrue, muscles attached to those flaps, making them more motile, and uitimately setting the foundation for wingS. Mammals have three ossicles, or tiny bones, in their middle ear that aid the hearing: the malleus, the incus, and the stapes. The stapes is the oldest of the three bones, having evolved from the pharyngeal arch ll, called the hyoid arch. We know it's the oldest as it is found in tetrapods (the columella) and in some more recently evolved fish. The malleus and incus evolved from bones of their ancestral mammal-like reptiles jaws, the articular and the quadrate…arrow_forwardSerial endosymbiosis is the most supported theory on how the first eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells. The figure depicts the evolution of eukaryotic cells which include links to prokaryotic cells from early in the history of life. Identify the cellular structures involved in the connection of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Describe the characteristics of the cellular structures that supports the evolutionary connection. State a claim on how eukaryotic cells evolved. Using evolutionary evidence justify your claim. The cells modeled above are a result are descendants of an original cell.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statement is not a line of evidence supporting the endosymbiotic theory for the evolution of eukaryotes? Question 8 options: Mitochondria and plastids have their own circular DNA which is similar to bacterial DNA. Mitochondria and plastids can both live and reproduce outside of a cell. Mitochondria and plastids are separated from the rest of the cell by a membrane. Mitochondria and plastids reproduce independently of the rest of the cell.arrow_forward
- Which Of the following is not a reason why micro organisms are commonly able to evolve very quickly? Generation times of most microorganisms are short. microorganisms pathogenic to humans are often subjected to extreme selective pressures most microorganisms have means of transferring genetic material between individuals the time between cell divisions of many unicellular organisms is relatively small some microorganisms have lower mutations rates that most organismsarrow_forwardTransfer RNA (after becoming “charged” with an amino acid) contains which of the following covalent bonds that are absent in all other forms of RNA? the glycosidic bond the phosphodiester bond the hydrogen bond the aminoacyl bond the peptide bond The green sea slug carries the genes for synthesizing chlorophyll (apparently acquired from the chloroplasts of green algae), illustrating which type of genetic change leading to evolution? horizontal gene transfer gene deletion gene duplication mutation exon shufflingarrow_forwardFrom an evolutionary point of view talk about how natural selection has played in biology processes. Make sure to include the words/processes: replication, variation, persistence, RNA, DNA, mutations, scarcity, proton pump, coalition, depletion, surivival, crisis.arrow_forward
- Select the false statements from the following regarding the RNA hypothesis of chemical evolution. RNA are diverse molecules in the modern cells able to provide genetic instructions while catalyzing anabolic and catabolic reactions. RNA is not able to hydrogen bond to itself. DNA became a storage molecule after ancestral RNA mutated to a double helix. Enzymatic RNA are thought to have produced the first proteins in evolution.arrow_forwardEvolution is one of the major unifying concepts of modem biology. Explain the mechanisms that lead to evolutionary change. Describe how scientists use each of the following as evidence for evolution. • Bacterial resistance to antibiotics • Comparative biochemistry • The fossil records (1000 words min)arrow_forwardScientists classify living things in order to organize the astonishing diversity of life on Earth. Modern scientists base their classifications mainly on molecular similarities. They group together organisms that have similar proteins and DNA. Molecular similarities show that organisms are related. In other words, they are descendants of a common ancestor in the past. As we said earlier in our discussion, there are species that needs to be named and some are to be discovered. However, with the current environmental situation we have at the present (pollution, exploitation of resources, forest fires, and others), these species that are yet to be identified are being endangered and at the verge of extinction. As a matter of fact, the University of Turku reported last July 1, 2020 that there are 15 million estimated different species living in our planet but 2 million of them are currently known to science. Discovering these remaining species is important for them to be protected. Also,…arrow_forward
- Place the following events in the order in which they are thought to have occurred in early evolution of life. the ability to produce proteins from genetic material the ability to use O2 as an electron acceptor for producing cellular energy the formation of heritable information (RNA) the ability to use light energy to fix CO2arrow_forwardWhich of the following is not a reason why RNA is expected as one of the first primary molecules in the earliest living life forms? RNA can self replicate with errors which will lead to selection RNA can perform work on other molecules RNA can store information RNA uses uracil which is more stable than the other nucleotidesarrow_forwardAccording to the endosymbiotic theory, which of the following is NOT true about the evolution of life on earth? Eukaryotes and prokaryotes appeared at about the same time and evolved independently from each other. O None of the other four answers (all are true statements) Eukaryotes evolved from symbiotic prokaryotes living inside other prokaryotes Mitochondria and chloroplasts are in some ways similar to prokaryotes The first life on earth was simple organisms, similar to today's prokaryotesarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSON
Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education
Endosymbiotic Theory; Author: Amoeba Sisters;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FGnS-Xk0ZqU;License: Standard Youtube License