Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Question
Chapter 4, Problem 15TYK
Summary Introduction
To review:
The mitochondria are evolved from bacteria that entered cells by endocytosis. The likely origins of the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes.
Introduction:
The mitochondria contains its own DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), ribosomes and the other molecular machinery. The structures present in the mitochondria resemble the equivalent structures present in the bacteria. There are various theories proposed due to these similarities and one of the most accepted theories is the “endosymbiotic theory”.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Which of the following statements about cellular respiration is TRUE in eukaryotes?
A. For every molecule of NADH oxidized in the electron transport chain, 1 molecule of ATP is produced.
B. ATP synthase harnesses the flow of protons (hydrogen ions = H+) from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space to produce ATP.
C. ATP synthase transduces the flow of protons (hydrogen ions = H+) from the intermembrane space to the mitochondrial matrix into kinetic (mechanical) energy
D. H2O is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, being oxidized to O2 and H+.
E. All of the above are true
The following are true of the mitochondrial structure
I. The inner mitochondrial membrane is convoluted to give more space for oxidative phosphorylation and ATP synthesis.
II. The porins in the outer membrane makes the outer membrane less permeable than the inner membrane.
III. The matrix contains the machinery for gene expression.
IV. The intermembrane space is between the outer and inner membrane of the mitochondrion.
I, II, III, IV
I, II, III only
I, III, IV only
I, II, IV only
You have been transported into the future, where a nanosensor can be inserted into a living cell and subsequently travel into any organelle. The sensor relays information stating that it has lodged itself in a compartment of the mitochondrion, where there is a concentration gradient of hydrogen ions (H+) and levels of ATP production are high. From what you know about cellular respiration in mitochondria, where is the sensor lodged? (a) inner mitochondrial membrane (b) mitochondrial matrix (c) chloroplast stroma (d) cell cytoplasm (e) plasma membrane
Chapter 4 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 1SBCh. 4.2 - Where in a prokaryotic cell is DNA found? How is...Ch. 4.3 - Where in a eukaryotic cell is DNA found? How is...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 4.3 - Explain the structure and function of the...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 4SBCh. 4.3 - What is the structure and function of the...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 4.4 - Prob. 2SBCh. 4.5 - What are the structures and function of anchoring...
Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 2SBCh. 4 - A prokaryote converts food energy into the...Ch. 4 - Eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosomes are similar...Ch. 4 - Which of the following structures does not require...Ch. 4 - Which of the following structures is not used in...Ch. 4 - Which of the following are glycoproteins whose...Ch. 4 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 4 - Which of the following statements about proteins...Ch. 4 - Which of the following is not a component of the...Ch. 4 - Discuss Concepts Explain why aliens invading Earth...Ch. 4 - You are examining a cell from a crime scene using...Ch. 4 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 4 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 4 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 4 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 4 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 4 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 4 - 17. The unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii...Ch. 4 - Prob. 1ITD
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- A principle of biology is that structure determines function.Explain how the invaginations of the inner mitochondrialmembrane are related to mitochondrial function.arrow_forwardMatch each item with the correct statement below concerning the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. You can choose a selection more than once. Question 61 options: Where do protons re-enter the mitochondrial matrix? What molecule is transported by facilitated diffusion? What are the electron donor molecules at the beginning of the chain? In what order are the components of the chain arranged? Where do electrons, protons, and oxygen meet to become water? What is the first protein complex of the chain? What moves into the intermembrane space? What accepts the electrons at the end of the chain? 1. increasing electronegativity 2. decreasing electronegativity 3. ATP 4. oxygen 5. protons 6. NADH/FADH2 7. NADH dehydrogenasearrow_forwardYou are studying the utilization of glucose by yeast cells. These cells can grown either aerobically (in the presence of oxygen) or anaerobically (in the absence of oxygen). You employ the following experimental conditions: Experiment # Growth Condition 1 plus 02 2 minus O₂ 3 plus O2, plus cyanide* *cyanide stops the activity of mitochondria in the cell by inhibiting the last enzyme in the electron transport chain. All mitochondrial functions are stopped. How many ATP will be produced per glucose in the cells under each of the experimental conditions?arrow_forward
- Predict the outcome of a mitochondrial membrane that is more permeable to hydrogen ions than normal. answer choices A.) Increased levels of inorganic phosphate in the mitochondrial matrix B.) Reduced formation of water C.) Reduced activity of electron transport chain D.) Increased activity of ATP synthasearrow_forwardMitochondria are critical for normal metabolism. From which parent did each human being’s original mitochondria come from at conception? In Luft’s syndrome the mitochondria are not producing sufficient amounts of ATP. What series of reactions could be most responsible for the deficiency? What are some other conditions that are thought to involve mitochondrial malfunction? What's your opinion on the 3-parent babies technique approved in the UK?arrow_forwardMitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell and feature a double membrane. A mutation was discovered in Drosophila melanogaster that prevented the formation of cristae in mitochondria. Which of the following would the researchers observe in Drosophila with this mutation? H+ ions could not be pumped into the intermembrane space. The components of the respiratory chain would not colocalize efficiently. NADH2 could not be transported from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria. Proteins synthesized in the cytoplasm would not be able to enter the mitochondria. i and ii i and iv ii and iii iii and ivarrow_forward
- How are proteins normally transported into the mitochondrial matrix, if they were originally synthesized on ribosomes present in the cytosol (not on the rough endoplasmic reticulum)? they are packaged into vesicles with v-SNARES for fusion with their target organelles they can pass freely through large pores in the inner mitochondrial membrane they are secreted by the golgi, captured by receptors, and absorbed by endosomes they must pass through the nuclear envelope by means of nuclear pores they are unfolded in the translocation channel, then refolded by chaperonesarrow_forwardFor questions 30 through 36, select the location where the following events occur. Answers may be used once, more than once, or not at all. Some questions may have one answer, some questions may have more than one answer. a) mitochondrial inner membrane b) mitochondrial intermembrane space c) mitochondrial matrix d) thylakoid membrane e) thylakoid space 30. electron chain components embedded here 31. H+ pumped into here 32. found in plants 33. found in animals 34. ADP+ Pi→ ATP occurs here 35. ATP synthase embedded here 36. Light-capturing pigments embedded here asap please.arrow_forwardConcerning human biology, the major role of a cell's mitochondria is to provide the cells with usable energy in the form of ATP. In regard to the cellular respiration equation: Food + x(consumes) -----> y(produces + energy (ATP). As for "x" (what the cell consumes), I believe the answer is oxygen. As for "y" (what the cell produces), I'm guessing the answer is carbon dioxide. Could you please verify this, and better explain it to me?arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is a lie? Select one: a.The formation of water aids in establishing the ion gradient between the inner matrix and intermembrane space. b.Every protein complex in the electron transport chain is involved in the direct pumping of H+ in the intermembrane space. c.There is an existing electrochemical gradient between the intermembrane space and the inner mitochondrial matrix.arrow_forwardYou are studying the enzyme kinetics of enzymes in the TCA cycle. You add a molecule to the mixture that appears to act as a competitive inhibitor of one of the enzymes. At first, you cannot tell which enzyme is inhibited, but you can tell that it is bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane. Can you guess which TCA enzyme you have inhibited and how do you know? Where are other enzymes located in the mitochondrion?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is a lie? Select one: a.The continuous pumping of hydrogen ions creates a higher H+ concentration in the matrix inside the mitochondria compared to the concentration in the intermembrane space. b.There are four sets of enzyme complexes labeled with roman numerals I to IV that as a whole is referred to as the Electron Transport Chain (ETC). c.The last electron acceptor is the oxygen ion which is reduced to form water after the process.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305389892
Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Mitochondrial mutations; Author: Useful Genetics;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GvgXe-3RJeU;License: CC-BY