The Cosmic Perspective (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134059068
Author: Jeffrey O. Bennett, Megan O. Donahue, Nicholas Schneider, Mark Voit
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 4, Problem 12EAP
Explain why orbits cannot change spontaneously, and how a gravitational encounter can cause a change. How can an object achieve escape velocity?
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6. We’ve learned that incredibly intelligent (and superior) aliens from the planet Splorg are planning to invade the Earth. However, they have first decided to determine how smart we humans are. If they deem us smart enough, they might reconsider their planned invasion. To evaluate our intelligence, they have asked us to get our Physics class to figure out at what radial distance they would need to orbit a satellite so that it always remained at the same location above the Splorigian equator (i.e. in splorgeosynchronous orbit). They also want to know what velocity they’d need their spacecraft to reach in order for it to escape the gravity of Splorg when the time comes to invade Earth. Here’s the information they gave us: a day on Splorg lasts the equivalent of 31.7 hours. At the equator, Splorg has a circumference of 54,660 km. Finally, they’ve told us that it takes a 2 kg mass exactly 0.56 s to fall a distance of 2 m at the surface of Splorg. Better take this problem seriously…the…
Chapter 4 Solutions
The Cosmic Perspective (8th Edition)
Ch. 4 - Prob. 1VSCCh. 4 - Use the following questions to check your...Ch. 4 - Use the following questions to check your...Ch. 4 - Use the following questions to check your...Ch. 4 - Use the following questions to check your...Ch. 4 - Define speed, velocity, and acceleration. What are...Ch. 4 - Define momentum and force. What do we mean when we...Ch. 4 - What is free-fall, and why does it make you...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4EAPCh. 4 - Describe the laws of conservation of momentum, of...
Ch. 4 - Define kinetic energy, radiative energy, and...Ch. 4 - Define temperature and thermal energy. How are...Ch. 4 - Prob. 8EAPCh. 4 - 9. Summarize the universal law of gravitation both...Ch. 4 - 10. What is the difference between a bound and an...Ch. 4 - What do we need to know if we want to measure an...Ch. 4 - Explain why orbits cannot change spontaneously,...Ch. 4 - Explain how the Moon creates tides on Earth. Why...Ch. 4 - What is tidal friction? What effects does it have...Ch. 4 - Does It Make Sense?
Decide whether the statement...Ch. 4 - Does It Make Sense?
Decide whether the statement...Ch. 4 - Does It Make Sense?
Decide whether the statement...Ch. 4 - Does It Make Sense?
Decide whether the statement...Ch. 4 - Prob. 19EAPCh. 4 - Prob. 20EAPCh. 4 - Does It Make Sense? Decide whether the statement...Ch. 4 - Does It Make Sense?
Decide whether the statement...Ch. 4 - Does It Make Sense?
Decide whether the statement...Ch. 4 - Does It Make Sense?
Decide whether the statement...Ch. 4 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 4 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 4 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 4 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 4 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 4 - Prob. 30EAPCh. 4 - Prob. 31EAPCh. 4 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 4 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 4 - Choose the best answer to each of the following....Ch. 4 - Testing Gravity. Scientists are continually trying...Ch. 4 - Prob. 36EAPCh. 4 - Prob. 37EAPCh. 4 - 38. Weightlessness, Astronauts are weightless when...Ch. 4 - Prob. 39EAPCh. 4 - Gravitational Potential Energy. For each of the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 41EAPCh. 4 - Prob. 42EAPCh. 4 - Prob. 43EAPCh. 4 - Prob. 44EAPCh. 4 - Prob. 45EAPCh. 4 - Geostationary Orbit. A satellite in geostationary...Ch. 4 - Prob. 47EAPCh. 4 - Prob. 48EAPCh. 4 - Prob. 49EAPCh. 4 - Prob. 50EAPCh. 4 - Prob. 51EAPCh. 4 - Prob. 52EAPCh. 4 - Prob. 53EAPCh. 4 - Prob. 54EAPCh. 4 - Prob. 55EAPCh. 4 - Prob. 56EAPCh. 4 - Prob. 57EAPCh. 4 - Prob. 58EAPCh. 4 - Prob. 59EAPCh. 4 - Prob. 60EAPCh. 4 - Prob. 61EAPCh. 4 - Prob. 62EAP
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- Since 1995, hundreds of extrasolar planets have been discovered. There is the exciting possibility that there is life on one or more of these planets. To support life similar to that on the Earth, the planet must have liquid water. For an Earth-like planet orbiting a star like the Sun, this requirement means that the planet must be within a habitable zone of 0.9 AU to 1.4 AU from the star. The semimajor axis of an extrasolar planet is inferred from its period. What range in periods corresponds to the habitable zone for an Earth-like Planet orbiting a Sun-like star?arrow_forwardWhen Sedna was discovered in 2003, it was the most distant object known to orbit the Sun. Currently, it is moving toward the inner solar system. Its period is 10,500 years. Its perihelion distance is 75 AU. a. What is its semimajor axis in astronomical units? b. What is its aphelion distance?arrow_forwardAn object of mass m is located on the surface of a spherical planet of mass M and radius R. The escape speed from the planet does not depend on which of the following? (a) M (b) m (c) the density of the planet (d) R (e) the acceleration due to gravity on that planetarrow_forward
- Assuming a circular orbit for the Sun about the center of the Milky Way galaxy, calculate its orbital Speed using the following information: The mass of the galaxy is equivalent to a single mass times that at the Sun (or located 30,000 ly away.arrow_forward(a) One of the moons of Jupiter, named Io, has an orbital radius of 4.22 108 m and a period of 1.77 days. Assuming the orbit is circular, calculate the mass of Jupiter, (b) The largest moon of Jupiter, named Ganymede, has an orbital radius of 1.07 109 m and a period of 7.16 days. Calculate the mass of Jupiter from this data, (c) Are your results to parts (a) and (b) consistent? Explain.arrow_forward2. The simplest way to increase the size of a circular orbit is method called a Hohmann Transfer (transfers the satellite from a small circular orbit to a larger one). It involves firing thrusters to create a change in velocity to get the satellite into a transfer orbit (elliptical), then later firing the thrusters again for another change in velocity to increase the size of the orbit (back to circular). Diagram: b Avb Transfer Initial Final Ava a Let us say we have the satellite from the previous problem in a circular orbit. We want to increase the altitude of the circular orbit from 418 km to 1000 km. (a) Find the change in velocity necessary to go into the transfer orbit, Ava. (b) Find the change in velocity necessary to go into the final circular orbit, Av. (c) How long will the transfer take? Constants needed: = G = 6.674 × 10-11 Nm² ²/kg² Re = 6.378 x 106m Mo 5.974 x 1024 kgarrow_forward
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