Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Question
Chapter 34, Problem 7TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Depolarization of rods and cones when the ion channels opens, they are largely sodium channels. On the opening of ion channels present on cell membrane the calcium can enter through these channels.
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Under which condition would the release of neurotransmitter by bipolar cells attached to cones be greatest?
Group of answer choices
focusing intently on a close object
focusing intently on a distant object
under normal room light
immediately after going outside in bright sunlight
in a pitch-black room after 30 minutes
Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the components of somatic sensory pathways.
First synapse in medulla,
ipsilateral to the stimulus
First synapse in spinal cord,
ipsilateral to the stimulus
Fine touch, vibration,
proprioception
Crosses midline in spinal
cord
Second synapse in thalamus,
contralateral to the stimulus
Pain, temperature, coarse
touch
Third synapse in primary
somatic sensory cortex,
contralateral to the stimulus
Crosses midline in medulla
SOMATOSENSORY PATHWAYS
A scientist has dissected out a small section of the retina and is able to directly record the action potential firing rate in a single ganglion cell.
Assume there is a on-center off-surround bipolar cell connected to an on-center off-surround ganglion cell.
When applying ‘Stimulus 1’ the scientist records a moderate action potential rate. When applying ‘Stimulus 2’ the rate of action potentials increases substantially.
In the context of this experiment no illumination is an option as a 'Stimulus'.
‘Stimulus 2’ would result in what response in the bipolar cell (the one connected to the ganglion cell the scientist is measuring)?
A. A large depolarization of the bipolar cell membrane
B. The bipolar cell membrane would remain at the resting membrane potential
C. A large hyperpolarization of the bipolar cell membrane
D. A small hyperpolarization of the bipolar cell membrane
E. A small depolarization of the bipolar cell membrane
Chapter 34 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 34.1 - Prob. 1BCCh. 34.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 34.2 - Prob. 1BCCh. 34.2 - Prob. 2BCCh. 34.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 34.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 34.2 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 34.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 34.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 34.4 - Prob. 1CC
Ch. 34.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 34.4 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 34.4 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 34.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 34.5 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 34.5 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 34.6 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 34.6 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 34 - Prob. 1TYCh. 34 - Prob. 2TYCh. 34 - The sensory receptors for audition (hearing) are...Ch. 34 - In an experiment to test the function of...Ch. 34 - Prob. 5TYCh. 34 - Prob. 6TYCh. 34 - Prob. 7TYCh. 34 - Prob. 8TYCh. 34 - Which is true? A loss of taste buds would reduce a...Ch. 34 - Prob. 10TYCh. 34 - Prob. 1CCQCh. 34 - Prob. 2CCQCh. 34 - Prob. 3CCQCh. 34 - Prob. 1CBQCh. 34 - Prob. 2CBQ
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Similar questions
- A pin can be pressed against the skin lightly and elicit no response from the pain receptor. However, if the pin is jabbed into the finger, the pain receptor may be stimulated and the finger would quickly be withdrawn through a reflex arc. Use what you know about threshold potential and the all-or-none principle to explain different levels of sensation (light touch or pain)arrow_forwardAn example of a sensory neuron is one that leads from a pain receptor in the finger to the spinal cord. A pin can be pressed against the skin without eliciting a response from the pain receptor. However, if the pin is jabbed into the finger, the pain receptor may be stimulated and the finger would quickly be withdrawn through a reflex arc. How do we sense different types of pain (very painful vs. not painful at all)? Using your knowledge of threshold potential and the all-or-none principle, explain how it is possible to sense different levels of pain.arrow_forwardFill out the information indicated for tactile receptors in the table below: Name Structure Location Function. (encapsulated or unencapsulated?) Tactile disc Tactile corpuscle Free nerve endings End bulb Bulbous corpuscle Root hair plexus Lamellated corpusclearrow_forward
- If you present a stimulus that is within a neuron's receptive field, what will happen? The neuron will increase its firing rate The neuron will decrease its fıring rate The neuron may increase or decrease its firing rate depending on the stimulus The neuron may or may not have a change in responsearrow_forwardWhen the human eye is in complete darkness, how do the cones of the eye respond? Only one type is stimulated None of the types are stimulated All types are stimulated Only two types are stimulatedarrow_forwardWhen photoreceptors are activated, they synapse with ___________ cells, which then relay to ____________ cells. Question options: A bipolar; amacrine B ganglion; horizontal C bipolar; ganglion D ganglion; bipolararrow_forward
- Precise localization of a somatosensory stimulus is improved by: Increasing frequency coding Increasing population coding Decreasing receptive field size O Lateral inhibition Increasing receptive field sizearrow_forwardAn example of a sensory neuron is one that leads from a pain receptor in the finger to the spinal cord. A pin can be pressed against the skin without eliciting a response from the pain receptor. However, if the pin is jabbed into the finger, the pain receptor may be stimulated and the finger would quickly be withdrawn through a reflex arc. How do we sense different types of pain (very painful vs. not painful at all)? Using the threshold potential and the all-or-none principle, explain how it is possible to sense different levels of pain.arrow_forwardPhotoreceptor synapses with bipolar cells: respond to depolarization and hyperpolarization of photoreceptors trigger action potentials rather than graded potentials involve AMPA and kainate but not mGluR6 receptors are always sign-conserving The shape of the lens is controlled by the muscle Optic Fovea Pupillary Cilliaryarrow_forward
- The "All or None" response means that: A stimulus causes depolarization and repolarization regardless of the strength of the stimulus There is no threshold for an electrical stimulus signal to reach before depolarization and repolarization O Potassium channels open for depolarization and sodium channels open for repolarization A stimulus has to be strong enough for depolarization to occur followed by repolarizationarrow_forwardA psychological test for a two-point threshold of tactile acuity will consistently show that the two-point threshold in the thigh has a 20 mm the two-point threshold in the index finger has a 2 mm the two-point threshold in the nose has a 20 mm the two-point threshold in the upper lip has a 2 mmarrow_forwardPotassium channels opens, allowing potassium ions to move out. Some sodium channels open in the dendrite. All ion channels close and the Na+/K+ exchange pump starts working. Sodium ions diffuse toward a node of Ranvier. Lights hit the retina. The threshold level is reached at the node of Ranvier. Many sodium channels open in the axon membrane, allowing sodium ions to move in. List, in order, the events in visual perception that must occur for a person to see an object.arrow_forward
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