Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393615098
Author: John W. Foster, Joan L. Slonczewski
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 3.3, Problem 2TQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The advantages and limitations of having single peptidoglycan in Gram-negative bacteria versus multiple layers of it in Gram-positive bacteria.
Introduction:
Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are the two classifications of numerous bacterial species on the basis of the absorbance of the crystal violet dye. This bacterial differentiation was given by Hans Christian Gram. These bacterial classifications have various similarities and distinguishing features.
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One major difference in the envelope structure between gram positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria is the presence or absence of a cytoplasmic membrane. True or false?
what are three cellular parts that are specific to ALL bacteria? This should not include any cellular parts listed that both prokaryotes and eukaryotes will have. This also should not include cellular parts that only specific types of bacteria will have (example: flagella). Then state the function of the cellular part (what does it do for the cell?
In the diagram below, identify the structures of a cyanobacterial cell based on the following descriptions:
a) Outer cellular covering which includes:
Mucilaginous layer – outermost layer covering the cell wall; protects the cell from harmful factors of the environment
Cell wall – found just below the mucilaginous layer; 2 or 3-layered, the inner layer lies in between the outer wall layer and plasma membrane; the outer layer is made of peptidoglycan
Innermost plasma membrane – selectively permeable membrane enclosing the cytoplasm
b) Cytoplasm – found below the plasma membrane; the protoplasm which contains structures of different shapes and functions. Lamellae, which contain pigments such as chlorophylls, carotenes, xanthophylls, phycoerythrin and phycocyanin, are located in the peripheral region of cytoplasm. Ribosomes may also be found scattered in the cytoplasm.
c) Nucleic material – the nucleoplasm that is centrally located in the cell and contains chromatin in the form…
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Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
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- Indicate whether the following structures occur in Bacteria, Eukarya or both. Also indicate one function for the structure. 1 ) Ribosomes2) Nucleus3) Cell wall4) Flagella5) Fimbriaearrow_forwardDescribe the cross - section side view of a Gram - negative cell . Clearly state where the following would be located or write the letters in order of appearance from the outside to the inside . If any of these structures are not present , make sure to leave them out . A ) peptidoglycan ; ( B ) periplasm ; ( C ) porin ; ( D ) LPS ; ( E ) teichoic acids ; ( F ) plasma membrane : ( G ) outer membrane : ( H ) nucleoidarrow_forwardA bacteria cell which is longer than it is wide is classified as: Vibrio Coccus Bacillus Bacteria which normal colonize the human gut are classified as: Anaerobes Pathogens Aerobes A bacteria which absolutely needs oxygen to live is classified as: Obligate anaerobe Obligate aerobe Facultative anaerobe The structure on this list which will NOT be found in any bacterial cell is: Cytoplasm Flagella Nucleus The genetic information of bacteria cell is contained in the: Capsid Nucleoid Ribosomes The genetic material of a virion is called the: Genome Nucleoid Nucleusarrow_forward
- Your friend Jim Crackcorn has developed a new antibiotic that damages the integrity of the cell wall by breaking down peptidoglycan. Jim tells you that he predicts that gram positive bacteria, gram negative bacteria and archaeal cells will be equally sensitive to this antibiotic. Do you agree with Jim’s prediction? If you agree, explain in your own words why you agree. If you disagree, explain in your own words what you would predict and why.arrow_forwardWhich of the following correctly describes one difference between gram-positive bacterial cells and gram-negative bacterial cells? Gram-positive bacteria have less peptidoglycan Gram-positive bacteria can all form endospores Gram-positive bacteria have a thicker cell membrane Gram-positive bacteria have more peptidoglycanarrow_forward4) Which of the following statements is TRUE? A) Fimbriae are generally longer and less numerous than flagella. B) Fimbriae are involved in genetic exchange between cells. C) Hami are common in Bacteria but not found in Archaea. D) Fimbriae are usually shorter than flagella, whereas pili are involved in genetic exchange.arrow_forward
- What kinds of work are carried out in a cell? Suppose a bacterium was doing the following: synthesizing peptidoglycan, rotating its flagellum and swimming, and secreting siderophores. What type of work is the bacterium doing in each case?arrow_forwardShort, hairlike structures covering the surface of the cell used only by eukaryotic cells for movement are called O 1) pseudopodia. O 2) fimbriae. O 3) cilia. O 4) pili. O 5) flagella.arrow_forwardFigure 13.6 Which of the following statements is true? a. Gram-positive bacteria have a single cell wall formed from peptidoglycan. b. Gram-positive bacteria have an outer membrane. c. The cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria is thick, and the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria is thin. d. Gram-negative bacteria have a cell wall made of peptidoglycan, while Gram-positive bacteria have a cell wall made of phospholipids.arrow_forward
- Figure 22.16 Which of the following statements is true? Gram-positive bacteria have a single cell wall anchored to the cell membrane by lipoteichoic acid. Pori ns allow entry of substances into both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria is thick, and the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria is thin. Gram-negative bacteria have a cell wall made of peptidoglycan, whereas Gram positive bacteria have a cell wall made of lipoteichoic acid.arrow_forwardA bacterium has the following characteristics:∙ It adheres to the human intestinal lining using a feature that protects it from phagocytes, bacteriophages, and dehydration∙ It can survive being boiled∙ It contains no plasmids and relatively little peptidoglycanWhich of the following statements best describe the cell wall of this bacterium? Group of answer choices A. Its innermost layer is composed of a phospholipid bilayer. B. After it has been subjected to Gram staining, the cell should remain purple. C. It has an outer membrane of lipopolysaccharide. D. It is mostly composed of a complex, cross-linked polysaccharide.arrow_forwardCytoplasm Ribosomes Golgi Body Cell Membran About of the mass of this cell is ht A) air. ning 43 B) ribosomes. pols proteins. D) water. USA PREP |TEST FAX 1-877-816-0808 Read Our Blog PHONE 1-877-377-9537 Privacy Policy PREPARING STUDENTS FOR WHAT'S NEXT ABR. МacBook A 80 000 000 F1 F2arrow_forward
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