Whether all the somatic cells have equal numbers of maternal and paternal centromeres in an organism. Introduction: The DNA is duplicated, and the cytoplasm and the organelles are divided into two daughter cells through various events which take place in a cell cycle . G 1 phase, S phase, G 2 phase, and M phase are the four major phases which take place in a cell cycle of a eukaryotic cell. Generation of haploid gametes in sexual reproduction of eukaryotes is done by a process called meiosis. An organism having a paired set of chromosomes is known as a diploid organism. In the given organism, chromosomes contributed by the sperm have cytological markers in order to visually distinguish them from chromosomes contributed by the egg.

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Chapter 25, Problem 25.4PS

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether all the somatic cells have equal numbers of maternal and paternal centromeres in an organism.

Introduction: The DNA is duplicated, and the cytoplasm and the organelles are divided into two daughter cells through various events which take place in a cell cycle. G₁ phase, S phase, G₂ phase, and M phase are the four major phases which take place in a cell cycle of a eukaryotic cell. Generation of haploid gametes in sexual reproduction of eukaryotes is done by a process called meiosis. An organism having a paired set of chromosomes is known as a diploid organism. In the given organism, chromosomes contributed by the sperm have cytological markers in order to visually distinguish them from chromosomes contributed by the egg.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To explain: Whether the number of maternal and paternal centromeres in each gamete produced by an individual will be equal or not.

Introduction: The DNA is duplicated, and the cytoplasm and the organelles are divided into two daughter cells through various events which take place in a cell cycle. G₁ phase, S phase, G₂ phase, and M phase are the four major phases which take place in a cell cycle of a eukaryotic cell. Generation of haploid gametes in sexual reproduction of eukaryotes is done by a process called meiosis. An organism having a paired set of chromosomes is known as a diploid organism.

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In a human somatic cell (normal body cell) that is in G2, what would be true about chromosome number and structure? Check all that apply. Check All That Apply These cells would be considered haploid (n).These cells would be considered haploid (n). The chromosomes would be in the replicated state.The chromosomes would be in the replicated state. The chromosomes would be attached to microtubules at their centromeres.The chromosomes would be attached to microtubules at their centromeres. These cells would contain homologous chromosomes.These cells would contain homologous chromosomes. These cells would contain sister chromatids.These cells would contain sister chromatids. The chromosomes will be aligned in the middle of the cell. The chromosomes will be aligned in the middle of the cell.

(a) Starting with a fertilized egg (zygote), a series of five cell divisions would produce an early embryo with how many cells? (b) If there are 20 chromatids in a cell, how many centromeres are there? Explain your answer. (c) Diagrammatically, show a metacentric chromosome in G1 phase of the cell cycle and in G2 of the cell cycle. (d) A cell containing 92 chromatids at metaphase of mitosis would, at its completion, produce two nuclei containing how many chromosomes? (e) If cells in the process of dividing are subjected to colchicine, a drug that interferes with the functioning of the spindle apparatus, at which stage will mitosis be arrested?

a. Manually, using a pencil, draw a cell in anaphase II from an organism in which 2n = 2 and each chromosome is metacentric. b. Given that each G1 nucleus from this organism contains 16 picograms of DNA, how many picograms of chromosomal DNA would you expect in the cell shown here?