On the basis of the data on hybridization of two frog species, Rana berlandieri and R. sphenocephala , and their hybrid offspring at different life stages, answer the following questions: a. Create pie charts for each life stage of the frog, showing the percentage of hybrids at each stage and the percentage (%) of each species. b. Give the possible reasons for the differences in the percentage of hybrids at each stage. Also, give postzygotic isolating mechanisms consistent with the given data. c. The changes expected in the breeding seasons of these species over time in the same pond. In case the predictions are correct, state the way the present pie charts would differ from the ones in part (a). Given: The given figure shows the temporal variation of breeding seasons in terms of egg laying in (A) allopatric and (B) sympatric species of frog. The following table gives the data on hybridization of two frog species and their hybrid offspring at different life stages. Life stage Season R. berlandieri R. sphenocephala Hybrids (F1) Tadpoles (recently hatched) Spring (year 1) 155 125 238 Tadpoles (late stage) Summer (year 1) 45 55 64 Froglets (newly metamorphosed) Fall (year 1) 32 42 15 Frogs (adult) Year 2 10 15 1 Introduction: In the given study, two species of frog R. berlandieri and R. sphenocephala have different breeding seasons in areas where sympatric species occur while having overlapping breeding seasons during fall and spring in the area where allopatric species occur. Reproductive isolation prevents individuals from different species from producing offspring. These mechanisms have been classified into pre- and postzygotic mechanisms. Prezygotic mechanism acts before fertilization and prevents the fusion of gametes from different species to produce offspring, whereas postzygotic mechanisms act after fertilization and prevent hybrid organisms from developing into adult individuals as they have reduced fitness.

Question

Want to see the full answer?

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 22.4, Problem 1R

Summary Introduction

To review:

On the basis of the data on hybridization of two frog species, Rana berlandieri and R. sphenocephala, and their hybrid offspring at different life stages, answer the following questions:

a. Create pie charts for each life stage of the frog, showing the percentage of hybrids at each stage and the percentage (%) of each species.

b. Give the possible reasons for the differences in the percentage of hybrids at each stage. Also, give postzygotic isolating mechanisms consistent with the given data.

c. The changes expected in the breeding seasons of these species over time in the same pond. In case the predictions are correct, state the way the present pie charts would differ from the ones in part (a).

Given:

The given figure shows the temporal variation of breeding seasons in terms of egg laying in (A) allopatric and (B) sympatric species of frog.

The following table gives the data on hybridization of two frog species and their hybrid offspring at different life stages.

Life stage Season R. berlandieri R. sphenocephala Hybrids (F1)

Tadpoles (recently hatched) Spring (year 1) 155 125 238

Tadpoles (late stage) Summer
(year 1) 45 55 64

Froglets
(newly metamorphosed) Fall
(year 1) 32 42 15

Frogs (adult) Year 2 10 15 1

Introduction:

In the given study, two species of frog R. berlandieri and R. sphenocephala have different breeding seasons in areas where sympatric species occur while having overlapping breeding seasons during fall and spring in the area where allopatric species occur.

Reproductive isolation prevents individuals from different species from producing offspring. These mechanisms have been classified into pre- and postzygotic mechanisms. Prezygotic mechanism acts before fertilization and prevents the fusion of gametes from different species to produce offspring, whereas postzygotic mechanisms act after fertilization and prevent hybrid organisms from developing into adult individuals as they have reduced fitness.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Students have asked these similar questions

The introduction of a new food sources into a population where competition is high can create increased habitat heterogeneity and potentially result in sympatric speciation. True False

White bedstraw naturally lives in alkaline soils, and heath bedstraw naturally lives in acidic soils. Tansley tested whether these closely related species compete and how the might coexist. Schematic results of his experiments are shown below. These results support that_ Heath bedstraw grown alone White bedstraw grown alone Both species grown together 239 Alkaline soil ✓Closely related species compete Closely related species don't compete Acidic soil Closely related species can co-exist by living on different soil types Relyea, Ecology, 9e, © 2021 W. H. Freeman and Company

Which of the following are post-zygotic reproductive barriers?a. Different mating songs prevent mate recognitionb. Species A breeds in Spring, Species B breeds in summerc. Species A and B mate, but the embryos die before hatchingd. The gametes of species A aren’t compatible with the gametes of species Be. Species A and B can mate and produce healthy offspring, but the offspring are infertile

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 22.4, Problem 1R

Summary Introduction

To review:

On the basis of the data on hybridization of two frog species, Rana berlandieri and R. sphenocephala, and their hybrid offspring at different life stages, answer the following questions:

a. Create pie charts for each life stage of the frog, showing the percentage of hybrids at each stage and the percentage (%) of each species.

b. Give the possible reasons for the differences in the percentage of hybrids at each stage. Also, give postzygotic isolating mechanisms consistent with the given data.

c. The changes expected in the breeding seasons of these species over time in the same pond. In case the predictions are correct, state the way the present pie charts would differ from the ones in part (a).

Given:

The given figure shows the temporal variation of breeding seasons in terms of egg laying in (A) allopatric and (B) sympatric species of frog.

The following table gives the data on hybridization of two frog species and their hybrid offspring at different life stages.

Life stage Season R. berlandieri R. sphenocephala Hybrids (F1)

Tadpoles (recently hatched) Spring (year 1) 155 125 238

Tadpoles (late stage) Summer
(year 1) 45 55 64

Froglets
(newly metamorphosed) Fall
(year 1) 32 42 15

Frogs (adult) Year 2 10 15 1

Introduction:

In the given study, two species of frog R. berlandieri and R. sphenocephala have different breeding seasons in areas where sympatric species occur while having overlapping breeding seasons during fall and spring in the area where allopatric species occur.

Reproductive isolation prevents individuals from different species from producing offspring. These mechanisms have been classified into pre- and postzygotic mechanisms. Prezygotic mechanism acts before fertilization and prevents the fusion of gametes from different species to produce offspring, whereas postzygotic mechanisms act after fertilization and prevent hybrid organisms from developing into adult individuals as they have reduced fitness.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 3

Question

Chapter 22.4, Problem 1R

Summary Introduction

To review:

On the basis of the data on hybridization of two frog species, Rana berlandieri and R. sphenocephala, and their hybrid offspring at different life stages, answer the following questions:

a. Create pie charts for each life stage of the frog, showing the percentage of hybrids at each stage and the percentage (%) of each species.

b. Give the possible reasons for the differences in the percentage of hybrids at each stage. Also, give postzygotic isolating mechanisms consistent with the given data.

c. The changes expected in the breeding seasons of these species over time in the same pond. In case the predictions are correct, state the way the present pie charts would differ from the ones in part (a).

Given:

The given figure shows the temporal variation of breeding seasons in terms of egg laying in (A) allopatric and (B) sympatric species of frog.

The following table gives the data on hybridization of two frog species and their hybrid offspring at different life stages.

Life stage Season R. berlandieri R. sphenocephala Hybrids (F1)

Tadpoles (recently hatched) Spring (year 1) 155 125 238

Tadpoles (late stage) Summer
(year 1) 45 55 64

Froglets
(newly metamorphosed) Fall
(year 1) 32 42 15

Frogs (adult) Year 2 10 15 1

Introduction:

In the given study, two species of frog R. berlandieri and R. sphenocephala have different breeding seasons in areas where sympatric species occur while having overlapping breeding seasons during fall and spring in the area where allopatric species occur.

Reproductive isolation prevents individuals from different species from producing offspring. These mechanisms have been classified into pre- and postzygotic mechanisms. Prezygotic mechanism acts before fertilization and prevents the fusion of gametes from different species to produce offspring, whereas postzygotic mechanisms act after fertilization and prevent hybrid organisms from developing into adult individuals as they have reduced fitness.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 22.4, Problem 1R

Summary Introduction

To review:

On the basis of the data on hybridization of two frog species, Rana berlandieri and R. sphenocephala, and their hybrid offspring at different life stages, answer the following questions:

a. Create pie charts for each life stage of the frog, showing the percentage of hybrids at each stage and the percentage (%) of each species.

b. Give the possible reasons for the differences in the percentage of hybrids at each stage. Also, give postzygotic isolating mechanisms consistent with the given data.

c. The changes expected in the breeding seasons of these species over time in the same pond. In case the predictions are correct, state the way the present pie charts would differ from the ones in part (a).

Given:

The given figure shows the temporal variation of breeding seasons in terms of egg laying in (A) allopatric and (B) sympatric species of frog.

The following table gives the data on hybridization of two frog species and their hybrid offspring at different life stages.

Life stage Season R. berlandieri R. sphenocephala Hybrids (F1)

Tadpoles (recently hatched) Spring (year 1) 155 125 238

Tadpoles (late stage) Summer
(year 1) 45 55 64

Froglets
(newly metamorphosed) Fall
(year 1) 32 42 15

Frogs (adult) Year 2 10 15 1

Introduction:

In the given study, two species of frog R. berlandieri and R. sphenocephala have different breeding seasons in areas where sympatric species occur while having overlapping breeding seasons during fall and spring in the area where allopatric species occur.

Reproductive isolation prevents individuals from different species from producing offspring. These mechanisms have been classified into pre- and postzygotic mechanisms. Prezygotic mechanism acts before fertilization and prevents the fusion of gametes from different species to produce offspring, whereas postzygotic mechanisms act after fertilization and prevent hybrid organisms from developing into adult individuals as they have reduced fitness.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 22.4, Problem 1R

Summary Introduction

To review:

On the basis of the data on hybridization of two frog species, Rana berlandieri and R. sphenocephala, and their hybrid offspring at different life stages, answer the following questions:

a. Create pie charts for each life stage of the frog, showing the percentage of hybrids at each stage and the percentage (%) of each species.

b. Give the possible reasons for the differences in the percentage of hybrids at each stage. Also, give postzygotic isolating mechanisms consistent with the given data.

c. The changes expected in the breeding seasons of these species over time in the same pond. In case the predictions are correct, state the way the present pie charts would differ from the ones in part (a).

Given:

The given figure shows the temporal variation of breeding seasons in terms of egg laying in (A) allopatric and (B) sympatric species of frog.

The following table gives the data on hybridization of two frog species and their hybrid offspring at different life stages.

Life stage Season R. berlandieri R. sphenocephala Hybrids (F1)

Tadpoles (recently hatched) Spring (year 1) 155 125 238

Tadpoles (late stage) Summer
(year 1) 45 55 64

Froglets
(newly metamorphosed) Fall
(year 1) 32 42 15

Frogs (adult) Year 2 10 15 1

Introduction:

In the given study, two species of frog R. berlandieri and R. sphenocephala have different breeding seasons in areas where sympatric species occur while having overlapping breeding seasons during fall and spring in the area where allopatric species occur.

Reproductive isolation prevents individuals from different species from producing offspring. These mechanisms have been classified into pre- and postzygotic mechanisms. Prezygotic mechanism acts before fertilization and prevents the fusion of gametes from different species to produce offspring, whereas postzygotic mechanisms act after fertilization and prevent hybrid organisms from developing into adult individuals as they have reduced fitness.

Answer 6

Chapter 22.4, Problem 1R

Summary Introduction

To review:

On the basis of the data on hybridization of two frog species, Rana berlandieri and R. sphenocephala, and their hybrid offspring at different life stages, answer the following questions:

a. Create pie charts for each life stage of the frog, showing the percentage of hybrids at each stage and the percentage (%) of each species.

b. Give the possible reasons for the differences in the percentage of hybrids at each stage. Also, give postzygotic isolating mechanisms consistent with the given data.

c. The changes expected in the breeding seasons of these species over time in the same pond. In case the predictions are correct, state the way the present pie charts would differ from the ones in part (a).

Given:

The given figure shows the temporal variation of breeding seasons in terms of egg laying in (A) allopatric and (B) sympatric species of frog.

The following table gives the data on hybridization of two frog species and their hybrid offspring at different life stages.

Life stage Season R. berlandieri R. sphenocephala Hybrids (F1)

Tadpoles (recently hatched) Spring (year 1) 155 125 238

Tadpoles (late stage) Summer
(year 1) 45 55 64

Froglets
(newly metamorphosed) Fall
(year 1) 32 42 15

Frogs (adult) Year 2 10 15 1

Introduction:

In the given study, two species of frog R. berlandieri and R. sphenocephala have different breeding seasons in areas where sympatric species occur while having overlapping breeding seasons during fall and spring in the area where allopatric species occur.

Reproductive isolation prevents individuals from different species from producing offspring. These mechanisms have been classified into pre- and postzygotic mechanisms. Prezygotic mechanism acts before fertilization and prevents the fusion of gametes from different species to produce offspring, whereas postzygotic mechanisms act after fertilization and prevent hybrid organisms from developing into adult individuals as they have reduced fitness.

Answer 7

Chapter 22.4, Problem 1R

Summary Introduction

To review:

On the basis of the data on hybridization of two frog species, Rana berlandieri and R. sphenocephala, and their hybrid offspring at different life stages, answer the following questions:

a. Create pie charts for each life stage of the frog, showing the percentage of hybrids at each stage and the percentage (%) of each species.

b. Give the possible reasons for the differences in the percentage of hybrids at each stage. Also, give postzygotic isolating mechanisms consistent with the given data.

c. The changes expected in the breeding seasons of these species over time in the same pond. In case the predictions are correct, state the way the present pie charts would differ from the ones in part (a).

Given:

The given figure shows the temporal variation of breeding seasons in terms of egg laying in (A) allopatric and (B) sympatric species of frog.

The following table gives the data on hybridization of two frog species and their hybrid offspring at different life stages.

Life stage Season R. berlandieri R. sphenocephala Hybrids (F1)

Tadpoles (recently hatched) Spring (year 1) 155 125 238

Tadpoles (late stage) Summer
(year 1) 45 55 64

Froglets
(newly metamorphosed) Fall
(year 1) 32 42 15

Frogs (adult) Year 2 10 15 1

Introduction:

In the given study, two species of frog R. berlandieri and R. sphenocephala have different breeding seasons in areas where sympatric species occur while having overlapping breeding seasons during fall and spring in the area where allopatric species occur.

Reproductive isolation prevents individuals from different species from producing offspring. These mechanisms have been classified into pre- and postzygotic mechanisms. Prezygotic mechanism acts before fertilization and prevents the fusion of gametes from different species to produce offspring, whereas postzygotic mechanisms act after fertilization and prevent hybrid organisms from developing into adult individuals as they have reduced fitness.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 11

Ch. 22.1 - Prob. 1R Ch. 22.1 - Prob. 2R Ch. 22.1 - Prob. 3R Ch. 22.2 - Prob. 1R Ch. 22.2 - Prob. 3R Ch. 22.3 - Prob. 1R Ch. 22.3 - Prob. 2R Ch. 22.3 - Prob. 3R Ch. 22.4 - Prob. 1R Ch. 22.4 - Prob. 2R

Solution Summary: The author analyzes the data on hybridization of two frog species, Rana berlandieri and R. sphenocephala.

Concept explainers

Videos

Want to see the full answer?

Chapter 22 Solutions

Life stage	Season	*R. berlandieri*	*R. sphenocephala*	Hybrids (F1)
Tadpoles (recently hatched)	Spring (year 1)	155	125	238
Tadpoles (late stage)	Summer (year 1)	45	55	64
Froglets (newly metamorphosed)	Fall (year 1)	32	42	15
Frogs (adult)	Year 2	10	15	1