Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Chapter 21, Problem 29CTQ
A bacteriophage with a lytic life cycle develops a mutation that allows it to now also go through the lysogenic cycle. How would this provide an evolutionary advantage over the other bacteriophages that can only spread through lytic cycles?
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What is the difference between the lytic and lysogenic cycle of bacteriophages?
In the lysogenic cycle, the phage DNA integrates itself into the host genome after penetration, and continues to biosynthesis when conditions change
The host cell is not killed in the lysogenic cycle
The lytic cycle occurs in the nucleus, while the lysogenic cycle occurs in the cytoplasm
In the lysogenic cycle, penetration is achieved through phagocytosis
Which of the statements about bacteriophage is FALSE:
a)
specialized transduction is a low frequency event
b)
may accidently package host DNA into a phage particle
c)
may perform specialized transduction
d)
only have a lytic life cycle
Which statement is true regarding a bacteriophage in the lysogenic cycle?
111
A) O The bacteriophage can exit the lysogenic state depending on the condition of host cell
B) O While in this cycle, it would cause no harm to the host cell.
O OAs the host cell divides, the bacteriophage genome will be present in all of the host cell's progeny.
|D) OIt would become a prophage.
E) O All are true statements.
Chapter 21 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 21 - Figure 21.5 Which of the following statements...Ch. 21 - Figure 21.8 Influenza virus is packaged in a viral...Ch. 21 - Figure 21.10 Which of the following statements is...Ch. 21 - Which statement is true? A virion contains DNA and...Ch. 21 - The viral______play(s) a role in attaching a...Ch. 21 - Viruses. all have a round shape cannot have a long...Ch. 21 - The observation that the bacteria genus Chlamydia...Ch. 21 - A scientist discovers a new virus with a linear,...Ch. 21 - Which statement is not true of viral replication?...Ch. 21 - Which statement is true of viral replication? In...
Ch. 21 - Which statement is true of reverse transcriptase?...Ch. 21 - Oncogenic virus cores can be. RNA DNA neither RNA...Ch. 21 - Which is true of DNA viruses? They use the host...Ch. 21 - A bacteriophage can infect the lungs viruses...Ch. 21 - People with the CCR5?32 mutation of a T-cell...Ch. 21 - An apple grower notices that several of his apple...Ch. 21 - Which of the following is NOT used to treat active...Ch. 21 - Vaccines. are similar to viroids are only needed...Ch. 21 - A patient presents at the clinic with an acute...Ch. 21 - Which of the following is not associated with...Ch. 21 - Which statement is true of viroids? They are...Ch. 21 - The first electron micrograph of a virus (tobacco...Ch. 21 - Varicella-zoster virus is a double-stranded DNA...Ch. 21 - Classify the Rabies virus (a rhabdovirus family...Ch. 21 - Why can’t dogs catch the measles?Ch. 21 - One of the first and most important targets for...Ch. 21 - In this section, you were introduced to different...Ch. 21 - Although plant viruses cannot infect humans, what...Ch. 21 - A bacteriophage with a lytic life cycle develops a...Ch. 21 - Why is immunization after being bitten by a rabid...Ch. 21 - The vaccine Gardasil that targets human papilloma...Ch. 21 - Prions are responsible for variant Creutzfeldt...Ch. 21 - How are viroids like viruses?Ch. 21 - A botanist notices that a tomato plant looks...
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- You are studying your favorite (hypothetical) bacteriophage named M277. It infects E. coli and stays dormant within the bacterial cell. How does a phage become dormant within a cell? Generally, describe the steps of infection by phage in this scenarioarrow_forwardFrom the perspective of a bacteriophage, what is the advantage of being able to follow either a lytic or a lysogenic cycle?arrow_forwardMost phages that use DNA to propagate work by hijacking host bacterial machinery including RNA Polymerase. Scientists found that treatment of jumbo bacteriophage PhiKZ with Rifampicin did not stop the phage from propagating. What is allowing for the survival of this phage?arrow_forward
- Describe in general terms how bacteriophage lambda regulates the switch between lytic and lysogenic cyclesarrow_forwardWhat does a bacteriophage accomplish with lysogeny? O 1) it allows the bacteriophage to destroy the host cell's DNA. 2) it enables the bacteriophage to take over the cell. O 3) it speeds up the viral infection cycle. 4) it allows the bacteriophage to infect cells it would not normally infect. O 5) the genetic material of the bacteriophage can be passed on to future generations of infected cells.arrow_forwardScientists at the SEA Phages lab were asked to find a phage that might infect a strain of M. abscessus that is infecting a young patient. Because the scientists did not have any phages known to infect M. abscessus, they first tested M. smeg phages that are also known to infect M. tuberculosis to see if they could infect this specific strain of M. abscessus. Why did they start with those phages? Select the best answer. O Phages that infect M. tuberculosis will also infect M. abscessus O The phages have already been FDA approved for use in phage therapy O Phages that infect two different hosts have a broader host range and are more likely to be able to infect a third host (such as M. abcessus) O The phages are lytic, which makes them good candidates for phage therapy O More information is known about the genomes of these phages than other phagesarrow_forward
- In a petri dish with solidified agar with escherichia coli, enterobacter aerogenes and staphylococcus aureus, you streak a loopfull of lytic T4-phage in a single line onto the center of the the dish, how do you know if bacteriophage infected the bacteria. why didn't the bacteriophage infect all 3 bacteria?arrow_forwardWhy is a webbed plate capable of producing a higher lysate titer (pfu/mL) than a cleared plate? a.) A webbed plate has plaques that have gone through more rounds of replication because the number of host cells did not limit phage replication, creating exponentially more phage particles b.) A webbed plate has no more host available for replication, meaning the plate is full of exponentially higher amounts of phage c.) A cleared plate has less bacteria than a webbed plate, so there are more plaques present d.) A cleared plate contains more phage than a webbed plate because it started with a more concentrated phage samplearrow_forwardOne of the reasons why phage therapy has not been applied widely is that bacteria can become resistant to bacteriophages as well, through mutations in genes encoding for specific proteins. What would be a protein in the bacterial cell that, if mutated, would make that cell resistant to phage infection?arrow_forward
- When various strains of λ phage are seeded on a lawn of E. coli, they can form clear or turbid plaques. (b) For mutant λ phages that can only form clear plaques, give two different types of mutation in the phage that can explain the clear plaque phenotype.arrow_forwardThe genome of a retrovirus can integrate into the host cell genome. What gene is unique to retroviruses, and why is the protein encoded by this gene absolutely necessary for maintaining the retroviral life cycle?arrow_forwardThe size of a DNA fragment that can be inserted into an unmodified λ vector is very limited. Large segment in the central region of the λ DNA molecule can be removed without affecting the ability of the phage to infect Escherichia coli cells. However, the deletion of this non- essential region does affect the life cycle of the bacteriophage. Explain this statement.arrow_forward
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