Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (MindTap Course List)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781305117396
Author: Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 2, Problem 1CT
Alchemists were the forerunners of modern-day chemists. Many of these medieval scholars and philosophers spent their lives trying to transform lead (atomic number 82) into gold (atomic number 79). Explain why they never succeeded.
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Alchemists were medieval scholars and philosophers who were the forerunners of modern-day chemists. Many spent their lives trying to transform lead (atomic number 82) into gold (atomic number 79). Explain why they never succeeded.
Why the Number of Electrons Matter
Since we know each element as a defined number of protons, we can also use that number to determine the number of electrons, assuming the element has no charge. Let’s write some out:
ELEMENT
NUMBER OF PROTONS
NUMBER OF ELECTRONS
C
A
B
O
C
D
Al
E
F
Na
G
H
Si
I
J
Nitrogen’s atomic number is 7. Just from the atomic number, can you determine how many protons, neutrons, and electrons a nitrogen atom has and how many electrons are in its first and second electron shells? (Assume the atom is electrically neutral.)
Chapter 2 Solutions
Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 2 - A. The first shell corresponds to the first energy...Ch. 2 - B. A chlorine atom (Cl) becomes a negatively...Ch. 2 - Figure 2.12 A pH scale. Here, red dots signify...Ch. 2 - Figure 2.17 Fatty acids. Double bonds in the tails...Ch. 2 - Effects of Dietary Fats on Lipoprotein Levels...Ch. 2 - Effects of Dietary Fats on Lipoprotein Levels...Ch. 2 - Effects of Dietary Fats on Lipoprotein Levels...Ch. 2 - Prob. 1SQCh. 2 - Which element has only one proton?Ch. 2 - The mutual attraction of opposite charges holds...
Ch. 2 - A salt does not release __________ in water. a....Ch. 2 - A(n) _______ substance repels water. a. acidic b....Ch. 2 - When dissolved in water, a(n) _____ donates H+ and...Ch. 2 - _________ is a monosaccharide. a. Glucose b....Ch. 2 - Unlike saturated fatty acids, the tails of...Ch. 2 - Which of the following is a class of molecules...Ch. 2 - Prob. 10SQCh. 2 - Prob. 11SQCh. 2 - Prob. 12SQCh. 2 - Prob. 13SQCh. 2 - Match the molecules with the best description.Ch. 2 - Match each molecule with its component(s).Ch. 2 - Alchemists were the forerunners of modern-day...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2CTCh. 2 - Polonium is a rare element with 33 radioisotopes....Ch. 2 - In the following list, identify the carbohydrate,...
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- Polonium is a rare element with 33 radioisotopes. The most common one, 210Po, has 82 protons and 128 neutrons. When 210Po decays, it emits an alpha particle, which is a helium nucleus (2 protons and 2 neutrons). 210Po decay is tricky to detect because alpha particles do not carry very much energy compared to other forms of radiation. For example, they can be stopped by a single sheet of paper or a few inches of air. That is one reason that authorities failed to discover toxic amounts of 210Po in the body of former KGB agent Alexander Litvinenko until after he died suddenly and mysteriously in 2006. What element does an atom of 210Po become after it emits an alpha particle?arrow_forwardPolonium is a rare element with 33 radioisotopes. The most common one, 210Po, has 82 protons and 128 neutrons. When 210Po decays, it emits an alpha particle, which is a helium nucleus (2 protons and 2 neutrons). 210Po decay is tricky to detect because alpha particles do not carry very much energy compared to other forms of radiation. They can be stopped by, for example, a sheet of paper or a few inches of air. This property is one reason why authorities failed to discover toxic amounts of 210Po in the body of former KGB agent Alexander Litvinenko until after he died suddenly and mysteriously in 2006. What element does an atom of 210Po decay into after it emits an alpha particle?arrow_forwardAn isotope of sodium (Na) has a mass number of 22. How many neutrons does it have? a. 11 b. 12 c. 22 d. 44arrow_forward
- Polonium is a rare element with 33 radioisotopes. The most common one, P210o, has 84 protons and 126 neutrons. When P210o decays, it emits an alpha particle, which is a helium nucleus 2 protons and 2 neutrons. P210o decay is tricky to detect because alpha particles do not carry very much energy compared to other forms of radiation. For example, they can be stopped by a single sheet of paper or a few inches of air. That is one reason why authorities failed to discover toxic amounts of P210o in the body of former KGB agent Alexander Litvinenko until after he died suddenly and mysteriously in 2006. What element does an atom of P210o change into after it emits an alpha particle.arrow_forwardThe backbone of organic compounds forms when _________ atoms are covalently bonded.arrow_forwardThe percentages of naturally occurring elements making up the human body (see Table 2.1) are similar to the percentages of these elements found in other organisms. How could you account for this similarity among organisms?arrow_forward
- A molecule with the chemical formula C6H12O6 is probably aarrow_forwardThe distribution of electrons across the shells of sulphur (atomic number = 16) is as follows (number of shells indicated with Roman numbers: number of electrons shown with Arabic numbers) 1-8, 11-8 1-2; 11 -4: III - 4 (1-4; || - 4; ||| - 8 () 1-2; 11 - 6; III - 8 (1-2; 11 - 8; II - 6arrow_forwardAtoms of the same element that differ only in the number of neutrons are known asarrow_forward
- So the correct answer is hydrogen bonds?arrow_forwardMany radioactive isotopes are used in medicine for imaging and treatment purposes. The specific isotopes used depends on the particular organ or body system being studied (for example, Xe-133 is used to image lung function and blood flow.) Technetium-99m is a common radioactive isotope using for a variety of medical applications. It is produced from the decay of Molybdenum-99 and has a half-life of 6.01 hours. What are some of the applications of Tc-99m? While harder to access, another radioactive isotope of technetium, Tc-93, has a half-life of 2.73 hours. If it were easier to harvest, would this be a good substitute for Tc-99m? (remember to explain why for full credit) While Tc-99m has a half-life of 6.01 hours, its decay product has a half-life of 213,000 years. While the medical community considers it to be reasonably safe, within the limits of testing, does this make sense considering both chemical and biological principles? What are possible ways that you might deal with or…arrow_forwardAtoms A and B interact to form a compound, AB2. When measured, atom A has a partial negative charge and atom B has a partial positive charge. From this information, we can conclude what? Select only ONE answer choice. Note: - means "approximately equal to" , A > B means "A is greater than B" , and A B: AB2 is hydrophilic Not enough information to answer the questionarrow_forward
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