(a)
Interpretation:
The sample which contains more phenolase should be given.
Concept introduction:
Enzyme:
- It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.
- Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.
- Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.
- Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.
Turnover number:
It is the maximum number of substrate molecules acted upon by one molecule of enzyme per unit time and most of enzymes turn over
(b)
Interpretation:
The sample which contains more catalase should be given.
Concept introduction:
Enzyme:
- It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.
- Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.
- Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.
- Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.
Turnover number:
It is the maximum number of substrate molecules acted upon by one molecule of enzyme per unit time and most of enzymes turn over
(c)
Interpretation:
The variables which affect the
Concept introduction:
Enzyme:
- It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.
- Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.
- Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.
- Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.
Turnover number:
It is the maximum number of substrate molecules acted upon by one molecule of enzyme per unit time and most of enzymes turn over
(d)
Interpretation:
The enzyme which has the higher turnover rate should be given.
Concept introduction:
Enzyme:
- It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.
- Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.
- Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.
- Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.
Turnover number:
It is the maximum number of substrate molecules acted upon by one molecule of enzyme per unit time and most of enzymes turn over
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 19 Solutions
Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (8th Edition)
- The following Michaelis-Menten plot shows the response of phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1), an enzyme in the glycolytic pathway, to the presence of ATP and AMP. Based on the data below, which of the following statements apply? Select all that apply. No inhibitors (low (ATP)) 1 mM ATP + 0.1 mM AMP 1 mM ATP 1.0 2.0 (Fructose-6-phosphate) mM Fig. : Regulation of PFK activity AMP is an allosteric modifier that enhances the binding of the substrate fructose 6-phosphate а. O b. AMP is an allosteric modifier that reduces the binding of the substrate fructose 6-phosphate ATP is an allosteric modifier that reduces the binding of the substrate fructose 6-phosphate O c. O d. ATP is an allosteric modifier that enhances the binding of the substrate fructose 6-phosphate Phosphofructokinase activityarrow_forwardThe following are the negative regulators of phosphofructokinase except Select one: a. AMP +b. H c. Citrate d. ATParrow_forwardIn 1937, two German biochemists published a paper proposing these reactions as part of glucose oxidation: citrate → isocitrate → α-ketoglutarate →succinate → fumarate → malate → oxaloacetate. Adding succinate, fumarate, or malate to thin slices of tissue increased oxygen consumption, supporting the hypothesis that these molecules are intermediates in the process. However, they were puzzled by the observation that these intermediates were still present in the reaction mixture at the end of the experiment. They had thought that intermediates would be consumed as they were converted to the next molecule in the pathway. What explains the observation that these intermediates were still present? a) The pathway is a cycle, constantly regenerating intermediates as glucose is broken down. b) Succinate, fumarate, and malate are not reactants but catalysts, and catalysts are not consumed in the process. c) Succinate, fumarate, and malate increase metabolism and therefore oxygen consumption,…arrow_forward
- Table 9.2 shows that Go’ for the aldolase reaction is large, and positive, yet the reaction proceeds in the forward direction. Using the metabolite concentrations in table 9.3, calculate the actual G in the cell for the reaction to show that it is consistent with the value reported in table 9.2. Explain in words the strategy the cell uses to keep glycolysis moving in the forward direction (1-2 sentences).arrow_forwardConsider the following reaction occurring at 298 K: OH CH₂OH OH -0. OH OH +ATP k₁ k₂ 0- OCH, OH OH 0 OH OH Glucose Glucose 6-phosphate Hexokinase is an enzyme that catalyzes this reaction. When the hexokinase is present the rate of k₁ is 1.3 X10-3 M-15-1 Calculate the activation energy for the hexokinase catalyzed forward reaction.. +ADParrow_forwardThe mechanism of chymotrypsin is used as a model for studying enzyme reaction mechanisms. Answer the following questions related to chymotrypsin: 1. List the 3 amino acids in the catalytic triad of chymotrypsin. 2. List the types of catalytic mechanisms (from the 3 main types of catalytic mechanisms) displayed in the mechanism of chymotrypsin.arrow_forward
- Below is an image of the Krebs cycle: acetyl-CoA oxaloacetate COASH H20 NADH NAD* H20 malate citrate fumarate isocitrate FADH2 NAD* CO2 FAD АТР NADH + ADP succinate GTP NAD+ a-ketoglutarate H20 GDP NADH + CO2 COASH succinyl CoA COASH Consider the conversion of succinate to fumarate, which is coupled with the production the electron carrier FADH2. If this reaction was NOT coupled with the production of FADH2 (and only catalyzed the conversion of succinate to fumarate), how would this impact ATP production through cell respiration? OATP production would stop because no high energy electron carriers would be produced ATP production would still occur, but there would be a much lower ATP yield because a large number of electron carriers are no longer being made ATP production would stop because without FADH2 we will no longer have electrons moving through the electron transport chain ATP production would still occur, but there would be a slightly lower ATP yield because a small number of…arrow_forwardConsider the complete oxidation of one mole of arachidic acid (20:0). ___________ a. How many rounds of the β-oxidation pathway will be involved? ___________ b. How many acetyl CoA will be produced? ___________ c. How many NADH will be produced from all the rounds of the β-oxidation pathway? ___________ d. How many ATP will eventually be produced from the complete oxidation of one mole of arachidoyl CoA?arrow_forwardIn order for fatty acids to enter the mitochondria to be catabolized via β-oxidation, they must first be reacted with coenzyme A (reaction ①). Use the equations below to answer parts a-c. ① Fatty Acid + CoA → Fatty Acid—CoA ΔG = ??? ② ATP → AMP + PPi ΔG = ─45.6 kJ/mol ③ PPi → 2 Pi ΔG = ─19.2 kJ/mol ④ Fatty Acid + ATP + CoA → FA—CoA + AMP + 2 Pi ΔG = ─34 kJ/mol a) Calculate ΔG for reaction 1. b) Suppose the formation of the fatty acid--CoA proceeded via the reaction of ATP to ADP instead of AMP. Calculate ΔG for reaction 5. ① Fatty Acid + CoA → Fatty Acid—CoA ΔG = from part a ② ATP → ADP + Pi ΔG = ─30.5 kJ/mol ⑤ Fatty Acid + ATP + CoA → FA—CoA + ADP + Pi ΔG = ??? kJ c) So why does the…arrow_forward
- Table 9.2 shows that DGo’ for the aldolase reaction is large, and positive, yet the reaction proceeds in the forward direction. Using the metabolite concentrations in table 9.3, calculate the actual DG in the cell for the reaction to show that it is consistent with the value reported in table 9.2. Explain in words the strategy the cell uses to keep glycolysis moving in the forward direction (1-2 sentences).arrow_forwardComplete the sentence describing the pentose phosphate pathway in cells that require much more ribose 5-phosphate than NADPH. These cells need ribose 5-phosphate but have relatively higher concentrations of NADPH and lower concentrations of NADP*. Choose from the listed words to fill in the blanks: xylulose 5-phosphate, fructose 6-phosphate, glucose 6-phosphate, five, two, three, glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate, erythrose 4-phosphate, sedoheptulose 7-phosphate. One molecule of and two molecules of are used to generate molecules of ribose 5-phosphate by the reverse reactions of the nonoxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway.arrow_forwardThe citric acid cycle is shown. The methyl carbon in acetyl CoA is labeled with C14C14 (shown in red). Identify which of the carbons in each intermediate will be labeled in the first round of the cycle by selecting the indicated carbon(s). Each question has multiple options, answering with only one option is incorrect. Which carbon(s) in α‑ketoglutarate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 5 Which carbon(s) in succinyl‑CoA will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 Which carbon(s) in succinate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 Which carbon(s) in fumarate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 Which carbon(s) in malate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 Which carbon(s) in oxaloacetate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4arrow_forward
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781319114671Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.Publisher:W. H. FreemanLehninger Principles of BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781464126116Author:David L. Nelson, Michael M. CoxPublisher:W. H. FreemanFundamentals of Biochemistry: Life at the Molecul...BiochemistryISBN:9781118918401Author:Donald Voet, Judith G. Voet, Charlotte W. PrattPublisher:WILEY
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305961135Author:Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Owen M. McDougalPublisher:Cengage LearningBiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage LearningFundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological ...BiochemistryISBN:9780134015187Author:John E. McMurry, David S. Ballantine, Carl A. Hoeger, Virginia E. PetersonPublisher:PEARSON