Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781305073951
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 18, Problem 3DAA
Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny
The Poouli (Melamprosops phaeosoma) was discovered in 1973 by a group or students from the University of Hawaii. Its membership in the Hawaiian honeycreeper clade was (until recently) controversial, mainly because its appearance and behavior are so different from other living honeycreepers. Its particularly lacked the “old tent” odor characteristic of other honeycreepers.
In 2011, Heather Lerner and her colleagues deciphered phylogeny of the 19 Hawaiian honeycreepers that were not yet officially declared to be extinct at the time, including the Poouli. The researchers sequenced mitochondrial and nuclear DNA samples taken from the honeycreepers, and also from 28 other birds (outgroups). Phylogenetic analysis of these data firmly establishes the Poouli as a member of the clade, and also reveals the Eurasian rosefinch as the clade’s closest relative (FIGURE 18.11).
FIGURE 18.11 Hawaiian honeycreeper phylogeny. This cladogram was constructed using sequence comparisons of mitochondrial DNA (whole genome), and 13 nuclear DNA loci of 19 Hawaiian honeycreeper and 28 other finch species.
3. What is the sister group of the Akikiki (Oreomystis bairdi)?
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Gymnospermae
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Figure 3. The relationship between species richness and clade age in twelve groups.
Question 8. Suppose species in old clades were more likely to go extinct. How would
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Log (richness)
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Log (richness)
Angiospermae
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Actinopterygii
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●
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Pteridophyta
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Mammalia
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Coleoptera
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Amphibia
050 100 150 200
Aranea
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100 150
0 50 100 150 200 250
50 100 150 200 250
50 100 150 200
Clade age (my)
Clade age (my)
Clade age (my)
Clade age (my)
Figure 3. The relationship between species richness and clade age in twelve groups.
Question 5. In which animal group(s) is there a strong positive relationship between
species richness and clade age?
Question 6. What is the relationship between species richness and clade age in
mammals?
Log (richness)
Log (richness)
Log (richness)
Angiospermae
0
100
Actinopterygii
●
●
●
T
200 300 400
Squamata
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100
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0
2
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2
0
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Mammalia
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Coleoptera
300
0
2
0
0
100
Aves
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Chondricthyes
200
300
0 25 50 75 100
Diptera
In which of the following option, genus, characters and its
class/phylum are incorrectly matched?
Genus
Characters
Class/ Phylum
Presence of wings
(a)
|(1)Corvus
Aves
Air sacs connected to
|(b)
lungs
Distinct male and
(a)
female
|(2)Wuchereria
Aschelminthes
(b)
Internal fertilization
Presence of two pairs of
|(a) limbs
(3)Hyla
Amphibia
|(b)Body is divisible into
head and trunk
(a) Lives in fresh water
|(4)Lamprey
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(b)Cold blooded animal
Chapter 18 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 18 - In cladistics, the only taxon that is always...Ch. 18 - Prob. 2SQCh. 18 - A clade is _________. a. defined by a derived...Ch. 18 - Prob. 4SQCh. 18 - In cladograms, sister groups are _______ . a....Ch. 18 - Through _______, a body part of an ancestor is...Ch. 18 - Homologous structures among major groups of...Ch. 18 - Prob. 8SQCh. 18 - Mitochondrial DNA sequences are often used in...Ch. 18 - Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The Poouli...
Ch. 18 - Prob. 2DAACh. 18 - Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The Poouli...Ch. 18 - Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The Poouli...Ch. 18 - Molecular clocks are based on comparisons of the...Ch. 18 - True or false? DNA barcoding can identify an...Ch. 18 - A mutation that alters the embryonic expression...Ch. 18 - All of the following data types can be used as...Ch. 18 - True or false? Phylogeny helps us study the spread...Ch. 18 - Prob. 15SQCh. 18 - In the late 1800s, a biologist studying animal...Ch. 18 - The photos shown above illustrate a case of...
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