Concepts of Biology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168116
Author: Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Chapter 17, Problem 19CTQ
If a series of genetic mutations prevented some, but not all, of the complement proteins from binding antibodies or pathogens, would the entire complement system be compromised?
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If a series of genetic mutations prevented some, but not all, of the complement proteins from binding antibodies or pathogens, would the entire complement system be compromised?
The circulating cytokines that recruit large numbers of phagocytes to the area of
inflammation, resulting in pus, are called:
O1)
pyogens
O 2) pyrogens
3) interferons
O 4) defensins
The classical complement pathway is initiated by C1q binding to the surface of a pathogen. In some cases, C1q can directly bind the pathogen, for instance by recognizing proteins of bacterial cell walls, but in most cases C1q binds to IgM antibodies that are bound to the pathogen surface. How does this IgM-binding feature of C1q contribute to rapid, innate immune responses rather than to slow, adaptive responses?
C1q induces B lymphocytes to begin secreting antibody within hours of pathogen exposure.
Natural antibody that binds to many microbial pathogens is produced prior to pathogen exposure.
C1q binds to C-reactive protein which then binds to IgM on the pathogen surface.
C1q directly induces inflammation, recruiting phagocytes and antibodies from the blood into the infected tissue.
C1q binds to dendritic cells in the infected tissue, inducing them to secrete inflammatory cytokines.
Chapter 17 Solutions
Concepts of Biology
Ch. 17 - Figure 17.5 Which of the following statements...Ch. 17 - Figure 17.6 Influenza virus is packaged in a viral...Ch. 17 - Figure 17.17 The Rh antigen is found on...Ch. 17 - Which statement is true? a. A virion contains DNA...Ch. 17 - The viral ________ plays a role in attaching a...Ch. 17 - Which statement is true of viral replication? a....Ch. 17 - Which of the following is a barrier against...Ch. 17 - Although interferons have several effects, they...Ch. 17 - Which innate immune system component uses MHC...Ch. 17 - The humoral immune response depends on which...
Ch. 17 - The fact that the body does not normally mount an...Ch. 17 - Foreign particles circulating in the blood are...Ch. 17 - Allergy to pollen is classified as _______. a. an...Ch. 17 - A potential cause of acquired autoimmunity is...Ch. 17 - Autoantibodies are probably involved in ________....Ch. 17 - Why can’t dogs catch the measles?Ch. 17 - Why is immunization after being bitten by a rabid...Ch. 17 - Different MHC class I molecules between donor and...Ch. 17 - If a series of genetic mutations prevented some,...Ch. 17 - How do B and T cells differ with respect to...Ch. 17 - Why is the immune response after reinfection much...Ch. 17 - Some photographers develop a sensitivity to...
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- What is the difference between innate immunity and adaptive immunity?arrow_forwardWhich of the following lists contains cells that are typically considered to be associated with the innate immune response? Question 14 options: A) neutrophils, macrophages, T cells B) neutrophils, macrophages, NK cells C) B cells, T cells, and NK cells D) basophils, T cells, mast cellsarrow_forwardThe correct order of words to describe how innate immune response responds to a pathogen that has gotten by the physical and chemical barriers is: À) Skin, Saliva, Cytokines, Macrophage B)Macrophage, Cytokines, Neutrophil, Natural Killer Cell C) Neutrophil, Cytokines, Killer T Cell, Antibodies D) Antigen, Macrophage, B Cell, Killer T Cellarrow_forward
- Adaptive immunity includes which of the following processes? Question 2 options: A) phagocytosis B) inflammation C) production of antibody D) production of interferonarrow_forwardWhat are the three most important products of the complement system?arrow_forwardDraw a figure illustrating the sequence of events in a typical inflammatory response to a bacterial infection caused by injury to the skin (in 3 main stages). Include a note at top of figure: Is this an example of an innate response or adaptive immune response? Include the following structures/cells/chemicals: epidermis, dermis, splinter contaminated with bacteria puncturing skin, macrophages, mast cells, neutrophils, nitric oxide (as blue dots), endothelial cells lining capillary, red blood cells within capillary, histamine (as green dots). Under each stage, describe the events occurring in the 3 main stages: Stage 1: What do mast cells and endothelial cells produce in initial response to injury? What do the chemicals produced by the cells do? Stage 2: What happens to capillaries? What leaks out of capillaries to enter the site of the wound? Stage 3: What do neutrophils and macrophages do? What happens to capillaries at this point?arrow_forward
- Of the four types of acquired immunity, which do you think your immune system has undergone?arrow_forwardA 40-year-old man with a complement deficiency agrees to participate in a clinical study of immune mechanisms. The subject is unable to activate the complement system by the classical pathway, but he can activate the complement system by the alternate pathway. Deletion of which of the following components is consistent with these findings? A) C2 B) C3 C) C5 D) C8 E) Factor B F) Factor D OG) Factor H OH) von Willebrand factorarrow_forwardWhat is innate immunity? List the four types of barriers which protect the body from the entry of the foreign agents.arrow_forward
- What will happen to the human immune system when a microorganism invading the body lacks the inherent ability to activate complement or bind to phagocytes?arrow_forwardAn individual is infected with a particular pathogen that he had before. This results in the generation of an immune response.a) List the name of the type of immune response that may be generated. b) Outline and briefly differentiate three characteristics of this type of immune response.arrow_forwardDoes the complement system work in more than one way?arrow_forward
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