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Gene expression is the process involving synthesis of protein from a
Answer to Problem 1TYK
Correct answer:
Posttranscriptional regulation.
Explanation of Solution
Justification for the correct answer:
Option (d) is given as Posttranscriptional regulation. It controls the delivery of mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) after transcription to the cytoplasm. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is transcribed in the nucleus and after mRNA is synthesized, it is transferred to the cytoplasm. This control is called posttranscriptional regulation. During this process, pre-mRNA processing takes place. In this, splicing of the introns occur, capping and tailing is done on the ends of the mRNA. This is done in order to protect the transcribed mRNA from getting degraded by the action of enzymes. Hence, option (d) is correct.
Justification for the incorrect answers:
Option (a) is given as translational regulation. Translational regulation controls the rate of protein synthesis. It manages the rate at which the mRNA is being used up for protein synthesis. So, it is an incorrect option.
Option (b) is given as posttranslational regulation. Posttranslational regulation controls the functioning of proteins synthesized during translation. The 3 ways of controlling are chemical modification, degradation, and processing. So, it is an incorrect option.
Option (c) is given as transcriptional regulation. Transcriptional regulation controls the genes that are transcribed into mRNA. So, it is an incorrect option.
Option (e) is deoxyribonucleic regulation. Deoxyribonucleic acid is the DNA molecule present in the nucleus. This does not control the delivery of mRNA to the cytoplasm.
So, it is an incorrect option.
Hence, options, (a), (b), (c) and (e) are incorrect.
Thus, it can be concluded that after DNA is transcribed in the nucleus, mRNA is synthesized, and the process that controls its delivery to cytoplasm is called posttranscriptional regulation.
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Chapter 16 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
- A principle function of 5' and 3' end modifications of eukaryotic mRNA is: a. to ensure that all nucleotides are phosphorylated b. to protect RNA from nucleolytic degradation c. to guide the removal of introns d. to serve as binding sites for translation release factorsarrow_forwardArrange the statements in their proper order by writing the corresponding letter (e.g. A) for each statement in the space provided below. A. The single-stranded RNA would complement the target RNA. B. Gene expression is inactivated once the mRNA is no longer accessible for translation. C. The risk-induced silencing complex which is composed of RNA and protein subunits is formed. D. Double-stranded, non-coding RNA is cleaved by Dicer. E. The mRNA can be cleaved or remain bound by the RISC. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.arrow_forwardDifferential RNA splicing may result in: a. A shift in the ratio of mRNA produced from two neighboring genes b. Inversion of exons in the mature mRNA c. Production of the same protein from two different genes d. Production of two different proteins with different properties from a single genearrow_forward
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- Define the following terms: a. promoter b. consensus sequence c. operon d. chromatin-remodeling complex e. general transcription factorsarrow_forwardThe following DNA sequence has been determined from DNA isolated from a bit of prehistoric amber material. A corresponds to a complete transcriptional unit without entrance. Use the genetic code to predict the primary sequence of the polypeptide encoded by this preserved DNA. (show all work including relevant molecular intermediates, and provide detailed and appropriate labels)arrow_forwardYou are studying how gene expression is regulated in the cell. For gene z, you find that while there are high levels of mRNA in the cell, there are low levels of the protein encoded by gene z. Describe a regulatory mechanism that could explain this finding that occurs after translation.arrow_forward
- Regulation can occur at many steps in the pathway of gene expression. Briefly describe at least one example of a regulator at the level of: a) transcriptional initiation b) protein stability c) posttranslational protein modificationarrow_forwardIf a cell's DNA was mutated such that it lost the promoter of a gene, you would expect: a. That ribosomes wouldn’t bind to that gene b. No effect since the promoter doesn't have any coding information for the amino acids in the polypeptide c. Ribosomes would never stop translating that gene d. Transcription factors for that gene would no longer bind to activate expression of that gene e. tRNA would no longer bind to the codons of that genearrow_forwardGenetic expression in general can be regulated at various stages. Identify specific processes that control gene expression at the: a. transcription level - b. post-transcription level - c. translation level -arrow_forward
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