BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS+APPL.(LOOSELEAF)
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781305967359
Author: STARR
Publisher: CENGAGE L
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Chapter 16, Problem 1CT
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The validation of the values that have been obtained from experiments based on one inconsistent value.
Introduction:
Radioactive dating helps to establish the age of the sample based on its atomic composition, and it does not determine the age of a single atom but helps to evaluate the age of the quantity of the atom based on statistic data.
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Radiometric dating does not measure the age of an individual atom. It is a measure of the age of a quantity of atoms—a statistic. As with any statistical measure, its values may deviate around an average (sampling error, Section 1.8). Imagine that one sample of rock is dated ten different ways. Nine of the tests yield an age close to 225,000 years. One test yields an age of 3.2 million years. Do the nine consistent results imply that the one that deviates is incorrect, or does the one odd result invalidate the nine that are consistent?
A rock sample which originally contained 400 grams of radioactive isotope X now contains 25 grams of the
material. The half-life of isotope X is 10,000 years. How old is the rock sample? (Give your answer
without any punctuation or lables. For example: 15000).
A paleontologist estimates that when a particular rock formed, it contained 12 mg of the radioactive isotope potassium-40. The rock now contains 3 mg of potassium-40. The half-life of potassium-40 is 1.3 billion years. From this information, you can conclude that the rock is approximately ______________ billion years old.
Chapter 16 Solutions
BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS+APPL.(LOOSELEAF)
Ch. 16 - The number of species on an island usually depends...Ch. 16 - The bones of a birds wing are similar to the bones...Ch. 16 - Evolution _______ natural selection. a. is the...Ch. 16 - A trait is adaptive if it _______. a. arises by...Ch. 16 - In which type of rock are you more likely to find...Ch. 16 - True or false? Wrinkly textures in rock that...Ch. 16 - If the half-life of a radioisotope is 20,000...Ch. 16 - Did Pangea or Gondwana form first?Ch. 16 - Forces that cause geological change do not include...Ch. 16 - Through _______, a body part of an ancestor is...
Ch. 16 - Prob. 11SACh. 16 - A mutation that alters the embryonic expression...Ch. 16 - The last dinosaurs died _______ million years ago.Ch. 16 - All of the following data types can be used as...Ch. 16 - Match the terms with the most suitable...Ch. 16 - Prob. 1CTCh. 16 - If you think of geologic time spans as minutes,...
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- If the half-life of a radioisotope is 20,000 years, then a sample in which three-quarters of that radioisotope has decayed is _______ years old. a. 15,000 b. 26,667 c. 30,000 d. 40,000arrow_forwardSuppose a scientist finds a rock with an interesting fossil. Curious to know the age of the fossil, she takes the rock to a lab. The lab determines the amount of rubidium (Rb) and strontium (Sr) in the rock. The scientist is familiar with radiometric dating and knows that she can now calculate the age of the rock, 1, using an isochron. The Rb-Sr isochron equation is 87. Rb. [edr – 1] 86 °Sr. 87 87 Sro 86 Sro 86 Sr. 87. Rb 3.807 and 89.60. In a published table, she finds that Using the lab's values, she calculates the isotope ratios as 86 Sr. 87 = 0.7129. She also finds that the decay constant, 86 the ratio of strontium-87 to strontium-86 at the formation of the rock was Sro 2, for rubidium-87 is 1.42 x 10-11. Use the equation and provided data to calculate t. Put your answer in scientific notation and round to the nearest tenth. years x10 What is the approximate age of the rock in billions of years? Round to the nearest tenth. billions of years t =arrow_forwardThe most useful method for dating ancient calcium rich cave deposits would be Group of answer choices A: Argon-Argon Dating B: Paleomagnetic Reversals C: Electron Spin Resonance Dating D: Uranium-Thorium Dating E: Potassium-Argon Datingarrow_forward
- Which parent isotope is most useful for dating samples that are greater than 100 million years old? a potassium-40 b lead-206 c argon-40 d uranium-238arrow_forwardRadiometric dating _______. has a substantial error factor can only be used for dating animal fossils can be used to date sedimentary rock, but not fossils is basedon the premise that each isotope decays at a constant rate is unpredictable because of changes in temperature and pressurearrow_forwardWhich method is used to assign numerical ages to events or materials? absolute dating half-life dating isotope dating relative datingarrow_forward
- In radiometric dating, scientists use the half-life of a radioactive isotope, to determine the approximate age of rocks, and the fossils that are embedded in them. Half-life is the time it takes for half of a radioactive element to become stable.Uranium 238 (238U) is a radioactive element that decays into Lead (206Pb) after 4.5 billion years. 6) Scientists found a fossil in a layer of rock that tested as 1/8th U and 7/8th Pb. What is the approximate age of the fossil? A) 562 million years old B) 4.5 billion years old C) 9 billion years old D) 13.5 billion years old Not Gradedarrow_forwardA fossil is found to contain the radioactive parent and daughter isotopes uranium 235U, and lead 207Pb, in the ratio 12.5% to 87.5%. Assuming that no 207Pb was present when the fossil first formed, estimate the age of this sample.Please show some thought process and a therefore statement. Thank you very much, have a great day!arrow_forward55: Radiometric dating ... Group of answer choices A: is based on the scientific observation that unstable “parent” isotopes decay into more stable “daughter” isotopes at a constant rate B: involves some event that initiates a radiometric clock, such as when a plant or animal dies (radiocarbon). C: has helped us determine that the Earth is roughly 4.54 billion years old. D: provides an accurate means of determining the age of materials that are very old. E: All of these answers are truearrow_forward
- Fact or theory? Organisms that look similar have been observed to have differences when preserved in rocks of different ages.arrow_forwardRadiometric decay of carbon-14 would be used in dating sedimentary rock. a trace fossil. an insect in amber. a fossil imprint. igneous rock.arrow_forward(e) If you collected a sample of water being ejected from Saturn's moon, Enceladus, you could examine it for isotopic signatures of life. Explain why this might not be definitive and describe one other way in which you could test a sample of this water for biological material.arrow_forward
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