Human Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305112100
Author: Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 15, Problem 4CT
Secretion of the hormone ADH may decrease or stop if the pituitary’s posterior lobe is damaged, as by a blow to the head. This is one cause of diabetes insipidus. People with this form of diabetes excrete so much dilute urine that they may become seriously dehydrated. Where are the target cells of ADH?
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Secretion of the hormone ADH may decrease or stop if the pituitary’s posterior lobe is damaged, as by a blow to the head. This is one cause of diabetes insipidus. People with this form of diabetes excrete so much dilute urine that they may become seriously dehydrated. Where are the target cells of ADH?
The kidneys are important regulators of blood volume (and thus MAP) and the ionic composition and pH of plasma . The amount of water reabsorbed or lost is hormonally regulated. Both the amount of blood that is filtered (glomerular filtration rate) and the amount of water that is reabsorbed is determined by hormones binding with receptors. In order to understand why the level of any given hormone is elevated or low in the blood, it is necessary to think in terms of homeostasis loops for each hormone, and what the initial disturbance to homeostasis was. In other words “who started it”!
What NON STEROID hormone is produced at the end (but as part of) of the RAS pathway?
The kidneys are important regulators of blood volume
(and thus MAP) and the ionic composition and pH of
plasma. The amount of water reabsorbed or lost is
hormonally regulated. Both the amount of blood that is
filtered (glomerular filtration rate) and the amount of
water that is reabsorbed is determined by hormones
binding with receptors. In order to understand why the
level of any given hormone is elevated or low in the blood,
it is necessary to think in terms of homeostasis loops for
each hormone, and what the initial disturbance to
homeostasis was. In other words "who started it"!
What STEROID hormone is elevated by increased
activation of the RAS pathway?
Chapter 15 Solutions
Human Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 15 - Distinguish among hormones, neurotransmitters,...Ch. 15 - A hormone molecule binds to a receptor on a cell...Ch. 15 - Which hormones produced in the posterior and...Ch. 15 - Prob. 4RQCh. 15 - Give two examples of feedback control of hormone...Ch. 15 - __________ are molecules released from a signaling...Ch. 15 - Hormones are produced by ______________. a....Ch. 15 - ADH and oxytocin are hypothalamic hormones...Ch. 15 - _______ has effects on body tissues in general. a....Ch. 15 - Which of the following stimulate the secretion of...
Ch. 15 - _________lowers blood sugar levels; ____________...Ch. 15 - The pituitary detects a rising hormone...Ch. 15 - Second messengers assist _________. a. steroid...Ch. 15 - Match the hormone source with the closest...Ch. 15 - Match the endocrine control concepts.Ch. 15 - Addisons disease develops when the adrenal cortex...Ch. 15 - A physician sees a patient whose symptoms include...Ch. 15 - Prob. 3CTCh. 15 - Secretion of the hormone ADH may decrease or stop...
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- Figure 16.14 Goiter, a disease caused by iodine deficiency, results in the inability of the thyroid gland to form T3 and T4 . The body typically attempts to compensate by producing greater amounts of TSH. Which of the following symptoms would you expect goiter to cause? a. Hypothyroidism, resulting in weight gain, cold sensitivity, and reduced mental activity. b. Hyperthyroidism, resulting in weight loss, profuse sweating and increased heart rate. C. Hyperthyroidism, resulting in weight gain, cold sensitivity, and reduced mental activity. d. Hypothyroidism, resulting in weight loss, profuse sweating and increased heart rate.arrow_forwardThe adrenal cortex of a patient who has lost a large volume of blood will increase secretion of aldosterone. What effect will this increased secretion have on the patient’s blood concentrations of sodium and potassium ions?arrow_forwardTwo men are diagnosed with diabetes insipidus. One didn’t have the disorder until he suffered a stroke. The other had a withstood the condition all his life, and it had never responded to exogenous ADH despite the presence of normal ADH receptors. What might be the cause of the diabetes insipidus in the two men?arrow_forward
- Alcohol and caffeine inhibit the effects of antidiuretic hormone.Explain why drinking beer or coffee increases the frequency ofurination. If your urine appears dilute (is light yellow) after drinkingbeer or coffee, does that indicate that you are well hydrated?arrow_forwardTwo men are diagnosed with diabetes insipidus. One didn’t have the disorder until he suffered a stroke. The other had a withstood the condition all his life, and it had never responded to exogenous ADH despite the presence of normal ADH receptors. What mightbe the cause of the diabetes insipidus in the two men?arrow_forwardPlease Answer the Question...thank you 1. Two men are diagnosed with diabetes insipidus. One didn’t have the disorder until he suffered a stroke. The other had a withstood the condition all his life, and it had never responded to exogenous ADH despite the presence of normal ADH receptors. What might be the cause of the diabetes insipidus in the two men?arrow_forward
- How would it be possible to have the normal amount of a hormone circulating in the blood yet have symptoms that indicate a shortage of that hormone? Give an example.arrow_forwardVasopressin or antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is a peptide hormone synthesized in the a) hypothalamus. This hormone, when present, induces expression of water transport proteins (aquaporins) in the late distal tubule and collecting duct of the kidney to increase water reabsorption. Binding to the receptor triggers an intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (CAMP) pathway. Arrange the following steps of hormone signalling in the proper order by putting 1, 2, 3, etc in the space provided, CAMP activates CAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). Recruitment of inactive G-protein made of heterotrimeric subunits which has GDP bound to a-subunit. Conformation change in GPCR. Adenylyl cyclase converts ATP into CAMP. PKA phosphorylates proteins in the cell. A cellular response is seen in the cell. a-subunit with GTP bound activates adenylyl cyclase. Activation of G-protein, thus GDP released an GTP binds to a-subunit. a-subunit of G-protein dissociates from By-dimer. Hormone binding to its…arrow_forwardDiabetes insipidus has been identified in two males. One person did not have the condition until he had a stroke. The other had lived with the condition his whole life, and despite the existence of normal ADH receptors, it had never reacted to exogenous ADH. What might be the cause of the two men's diabetes insipidus? Provide your references.arrow_forward
- A patient has hypercortisolism, and the MRI results indicate that there is hyperplasia of the right adrenal but the left adrenal appears smaller than normal. What does this generally indicate about the origin of the adrenal disorder? the adrenal hyperfunction most likely results from a secondary or tertiary disorder producing pituitary ACTH hypersecretion. the adrenal hyperfunction is most likely a result of an ACTH-secreting nonadrenal tumor. the adrenal hyperfunction is most likely a primary disorder resulting from malfunction of the adrenal gland. the hypercortisolism is probably not a result of an adrenal disorder but rather is the result of exogenous administration of glucocorticoidsarrow_forwardA) It is often said that growth hormone (GH) has both direct and indirect effects. Describe carefully what is meant by this. b) Also give examples of how a disorder in the system in which GH is involved can cause symptoms. Explain the mechanism behind.arrow_forwardExcess ACTH stimulation would result in which of the following effects? (select all that apply) - increased testosterone - increased epinephrine - increased cortisol - increased aldosteronearrow_forward
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