BIOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260169614
Author: Raven
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Chapter 15, Problem 1IQ
Summary Introduction
To describe: How does the absence of proofreading ability for RNA polymerase affect the rate of error in the transcription process in comparison with
Introduction: To convert genotype to
Summary Introduction
To describe: Why it is believed that proofreading capacity for DNA polymerase is more essential than for RNA polymerase.
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Which of the following features is common to both DNA replication and RNA transcription?
Both RNA and DNA polymerase form a sugar-phosphate bond between the 3' hydroxyl and the 5' phosphate.
Both RNA and DNA polymerase require oligonucleotide priming.
Both RNA and DNA polymerase incorporate deoxyribonucleotides into the growing sequence.
Both RNA and DNA polymerase initiate at promoter sequences.
Both RNA and DNA polymerase have extensive proofreading editing.
Which of the following processes of genetic information flow can occur under lab conditions, but has never been observed to occur under natural conditions (either in living cells or in viruses)?
transcription of RNA from a DNA template (using DNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase)
self-replication of RNA from an RNA template (using RNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase)
direct-translation of protein from a DNA template (using special ribosomes)
self-replication of DNA from a DNA template (using DNA-dependent-DNA-polymerase)
translation of protein from an RNA template (using ordinary ribosomes)
Why does DNA replication need to be error-free? Why does the DNA need to be a “careful reader?”
Chapter 15 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 15.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 15.1 - List the roles played by RNA in gene expression.Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 15.2 - Describe the characteristics of the genetic code.Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 15.3 - Prob. 1LOCh. 15.3 - Differentiate among initiation, elongation, and...Ch. 15.3 - Prob. 3LOCh. 15.4 - Prob. 1LO
Ch. 15.4 - Prob. 2LOCh. 15.4 - Explain the differences between bacterial and...Ch. 15.5 - Prob. 1LOCh. 15.5 - Prob. 2LOCh. 15.5 - Prob. 3LOCh. 15.6 - Explain why the tRNA charging reaction is critical...Ch. 15.6 - Prob. 2LOCh. 15.7 - Prob. 1LOCh. 15.7 - Prob. 2LOCh. 15.7 - Compare translation on the RER and in the...Ch. 15.9 - Prob. 1LOCh. 15.9 - Explain the nature of triplet repeat expansion.Ch. 15.9 - Prob. 3LOCh. 15 - Prob. 1DACh. 15 - Prob. 2DACh. 15 - Prob. 1IQCh. 15 - Prob. 2IQCh. 15 - Prob. 3IQCh. 15 - The experiments with nutritional mutants in...Ch. 15 - What is the central dogma of molecular biology? a....Ch. 15 - In the genetic code, one codon a. consists of...Ch. 15 - Eukaryotic transcription differs from prokaryotic...Ch. 15 - An anticodon would be found on which of the...Ch. 15 - RNA polymerase binds to a ________ to initiate...Ch. 15 - During translation, the codon in mRNA is actually...Ch. 15 - You have mutants that all affect the same...Ch. 15 - The splicing process a. occurs in prokaryotes. b....Ch. 15 - The enzyme that forms peptide bonds is called...Ch. 15 - In comparing gene expression in prokaryotes and...Ch. 15 - The codon CCA could be mutated to produce a. a...Ch. 15 - An inversion will a. necessarily cause a mutant...Ch. 15 - What is the relationship between mutations and...Ch. 15 - Prob. 1SCh. 15 - Frameshift mutations often result in truncated...Ch. 15 - Describe how each of the following mutations will...Ch. 15 - There are a number of features that are unique 10...
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- What type of enzyme is telomerase? DNA-directed DNA polymerase DNA-directed RNA polymerase RNA-directed DNA polymerase RNA-directed RNA polymerasearrow_forwardWhich mechanism contributes to accuracy during DNA replication? Group of answer choices Base-stacking between nucleotides and the template DNA controls insertion of the correct nucleotide. Using primers increases accuracy because the first nucleotides in a new nucleic acid chain are more likely to be correct. The mismatch repair system recognizes an incorrect base-pair and corrects the mistake in both strands. All DNA polymerases have a 5′→ 3′ exonuclease activity which can remove incorrect nucleotides during replication.arrow_forwardDraw a DNA helix opened up to copy a single gene (CAREFUL this is NOT a replication bubble). You can make lines straight and parallel if you would like On the bottom strand starting in middle and going to left,draw an arrow to show the beginning of transcription Add 10 DNA bases of your choice (A,T, C or G) along the bottom line to left of arrow. Add the complementary bases along the top line. Beginning at the arrow, transcribe the DNA into RNA. Write the appropriate letters. Label 5’ and 3’ ends of all nucleic acids. Label the template strand and the coding (or sense) strands of DNA. Label the promoter. (Upload steps 1-8 but on your own please practice all 4 possible flips of this. Arrow on bottom facing left or right. Arrow on top facing left or right.)arrow_forward
- What is meant by non-classical DNA-dependent DNA polymerases? What roles do they play in our cells?arrow_forwardReplication vs transcription Uses DNA as template to synthesis a polymer Synthesizes DNA strand(s) Forms phosphodiester bonds Requires a primer Low capacity for proofreading Works in conjunction with other proteins Faster More error prone DNA polymerase III RNA polymerase Transcription mRNA transcripts code for multiple genes Multiple types of RNA polymerase Create mRNA transcript from DNA Transcription in cytoplasm Pribnow box in promoter TATA box in promoter Untranslated regions (UTRs) Post translational modification Prokaryotes Eukaryotesarrow_forwardDuring the process of transcription, the polymerase must handle several distinct polynucleotide chains: the double-stranded DNA ahead of the polymerase, the single-stranded template DNA, the nontemplate DNA strand, and the freshly-synthesized mRNA. How does the polymerase keep each of these strands--as well as the incoming ribonucleotides needed for the polymerase reaction--separate?arrow_forward
- In both leading and lagging strand synthesis, DNA replication always proceeds in a certain direction. What direction is this? Explain how oligonucleotide primers in the Polymerase Chain Reaction work (PCR)arrow_forwarda) Explain how the molecular mechanism of DNA polymerase enhances DNA replication. b) Discuss the characteristic of DNA polymerase 1, Nick translation Proofreadingarrow_forwardWhich of the followings statements are true about DNA polymerase? 1.) It can only go in one direction, meaning the lagging strand can't be synthesized continuously. 2.) It cannot start a DNA strand from scratch, so another enzyme is needed to create "primers" as a starting point. 3.) It cannot copy epigenetic marks (such as methyl groups) on its own; these must be "copied" onto the daughter DNA strand by other enzymes after DNA replication. 4.) All of the abovearrow_forward
- What is/are the attributes that make nucleotide excision repair (NER) and base excision repair (BER) similar and/or different from each other? Select the correct response: The NER pathway is the only one that can remove DNA lesions in the strand regardless of their size which is followed by attaching the correct strand, then sealed by a DNA ligase. They both use the enzyme DNA glycosylases that recognizes the damaged DNA segments and proceed with repairing the faulty base in the strand. They differ NER only repairs purine bases while BER repairs pyrimidine bases. They both remove the damaged parts of the DNA where the BER pathway corrects only the identified damaged bases which are usually non-bulky lesions. The NER pathway, on the other hand, repairs the damage by removal of bulky DNA adducts which is a short-single stranded DNA segment. They both utilize the enzyme photolyase to reverse the damages created by the faulty section of the DNA. They both remove the damaged parts of the…arrow_forwardRNA Polymerase What enzyme is combining two DNA fragments together? 5' 3' -Template Strands Replication Fork 3' DNA polymerase Okazaki Fragments DNA Ligase Lagging Strand Leading Strand 3' 5' 3' 5' O DNA Helicase DNA Ligase DNA polyermase RNA Polymerasearrow_forwardDuring DNA replication in E. coli, which enzyme forms the phosphodiester bond between an RNA primer and the first incoming deoxyribonucleotide for an Okazaki fragment on the lagging strand? topoisomerase DNA polymerase III DNA helicase DNA polymerase II DNA ligasearrow_forward
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