Concept explainers
The accompanying data on y = ammonium concentration (mg/L) and x = transpiration (ml/h) was read from a graph in the article “Response of Ammonium Removal to Growth and Transpiration of Juncus effusus During the Treatment of Artificial Sewage in Laboratory-Scale Wetlands” (Water Research, 2013: 4265–4273). The article’s abstract stated “a
x | 5.8 | 8.8 | 11.0 | 13.6 | 18.5 | 21.0 | 23.7 |
y | 7.8 | 8.2 | 6.9 | 5.3 | 4.7 | 4.9 | 4.3 |
x | 26.0 | 28.3 | 31.9 | 36.5 | 38.2 | 40.4 |
y | 2.7 | 2.8 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.1 | .4 |
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Chapter 12 Solutions
Probability and Statistics for Engineering and the Sciences
- Wrinkle recovery angle and tensile strength are the two most important characteristics for evaluating the performance of crosslinked cotton fabric. An increase in the degree of crosslinking, as determined by ester carboxyl band absorbance, improves the wrinkle resistance of the fabric (at the expense of reducing mechanical strength). The accompanying data on x = absorbance and y = wrinkle resistance angle was read from a graph in the paper "Predicting the Performance of Durable Press Finished Cotton Fabric with Infrared Spectroscopy".t x 0.115 0.126 0.183 0.246 0.282 0.344 0.355 0.452 0.491 0.554 0.651 y 334 342 355 363 365 372 381 400 392 412 420 Here is regression output from Minitab: Predictor Constant absorb S = 3.60498 Coef 321.878 156.711 SOURCE Regression Residual Error Total R-Sq= 98.5% DF SE Coef 2.483 6.464 1 9 10 SS 7639.0 117.0 7756..0 T 129.64 24.24 P 0.000 0.000. R-Sq (adj) 98.3% MS 7639.0 13.0 F 587.81 (a) Does the simple linear regression model appear to be appropriate?…arrow_forwardAssume we have data demonstrating a strong linear link between the amount of fertilizer applied to certain plants and their yield. Which is the independent variable in this research question?arrow_forwardA study of the effect of massage on boxing performance measured a boxer's blood lactate concentration (in mM) and perceived recovery (on a 28-point scale). On the basis of the information provided by the study, the data shown in the accompanying table were obtained for 16 five-round boxing performances in which a massage was given to the boxer between rounds. Conduct a test to determine whether blood lactate level (y) is linearly related to perceived recovery (x). Use α = 0.10. Click the icon to view the table of boxer blood data. X Boxer Blood Data Perceived Recovery Determine the correct null and alternative hypotheses. Choose the correct answer below. Blood Lactate Level 3.8 4.4 8 8 O A. Ho: B₁ 0 OB. Ho: B₁0, H₂: B₁ 0 4.1 11 5.0 11 = E. Ho: B₁0, H₂: B₁ #0 OF. Ho: B₁ #0, H₂: B₁ = 0 1 a 1 5.3 11 4.2 14 Find the test statistic. 2.4 17 t = (Round to three decimal places as needed.) 3.7 17 5.3 17 5.8 18 6.0 18 5.9 21 6.3 21 5.5 20 6.5 27arrow_forward
- Following are measurements of soil concentrations (in mg /kg) of chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) at20 sites in the area of Cleveland, Ohio. These data are taken from the article "Variation in NorthAmerican Regulatory Guidance for Heavy Metal Surface Soil Contamination at Commercial andIndustrial Sites" (A. Jennings and J. Ma, J. Environment Eng, 2007:587-609). Cr: 260 19 36 247 263 319 317 277 319 264 23 29 61 119 33 281 21 35 64 30Ni: 435 377 359 53 38 38 54 188 397 33 92 490 28 35 799 347 321 32 74 508 (a) Construct a histogram for each set of concentrations. (b) Find the 1st, 2nd and 3rd quartiles for the Cr concentrations (c) Find the 1st, 2nd and 3rd quartiles for the Ni concentrations.arrow_forwardEstriol Level and Birth Weight. J. Greene and J. Touchstone conducted a study on the relationship between the estriol levels of pregnant women and the birth weights of their children. Their findings, “Urinary Tract Estriol: An Index of Placental Function,” were published in the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Vol. 85(1), pp. 1–9). The data from the study are provided on the WeissStats site, where estriol levels are in mg/24 hr and birth weights are in hectograms. a. Decide whether finding a regression line for the data is reasonable. If so, then also do parts (b)–(d). b. Obtain the coefficient of determination. c. Determine the percentage of variation in the observed values of the response variable explained by the regression, and interpret your answer. d. State how useful the regression equation appears to be for making predictions.arrow_forwardPlease use the accompanying Excel data set or accompanying Text file data set when completing the following exercise. An article in Wood Science and Technology, "Creep in Chipboard, Part 3: Initial Assessment of the Influence of Moisture Content and Level of Stressing on Rate of Creep and Time to Failure" (1981, Vol. 15, pp. 125-144) studied the deflection (mm) of particleboard from stress levels of relative humidity. Assume that the two variables are related according to the simple linear regression model. The data are shown below x = Stress level (%) 54 54 61 61 68 68 75 75 75 y = Deflection (mm) 16.473 18.693 14.305 15.121 13.505 11.64 11.168 12.534 11.224 a. Calculate the least square estimates of the intercept (a) and slope (b). What is the estimate of o (c)? b. Find the estimate of the mean deflection if the stress level can be limited to 61% (d). c. Estimate the change in the mean deflection associated with a 7% increment in stress level (e). (a) i (Round your answer to 2…arrow_forward
- A statistical program is recommended.A highway department is studying the relationship between traffic flow and speed. The following model has been hypothesized:y = 0 + 1x + wherey traffic flow in vehicles per hourx = vehicle speed in miles per hour.The following data were collected during rush hour for six highways leading out of the city.Traffic Flow(y)Vehicle Speed(x )1,247351,320401,218301, 327451,341501, 11325(a) Develop an estimated regression equation for the data. (Round bo to one decimal place and b1 to two decimal places.) =arrow_forwardPlease use the accompanying Excel data set or accompanying Text file data set when completing the following exercise. An article in Wood Science and Technology, "Creep in Chipboard, Part 3: Initial Assessment of the Influence of Moisture Content and Level of Stressing on Rate of Creep and Time to Failure" (1981, Vol. 15, pp. 125-144) studied the deflection (mm) of particleboard from stress levels of relative humidity. Assume that the two variables are related according to the simple linear regression model. The data are shown below x = Stress level (%) 54 54 61 61 68 68 75 75 75 y = Deflection (mm) 16.473 18.693 14.305 15.121 13.505 11.64 11.168 12.534 11.224 a. Calculate the least square estimates of the intercept (a) and slope (b). What is the estimate of o² (c)? b. Find the estimate of the mean deflection if the stress level can be limited to 66% (d). c. Estimate the change in the mean deflection associated with a 8% increment in stress level (e). (a) i (Round your answer to 2…arrow_forwardWhich non-parametric test for ordinal data is the best to use in the given scenario? In a study by Zuckerman and Heneghan, hemodynamic stresses were measured on subjects undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. An outcome variable of interest was the ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) measured in mm. A portion of the data appears in the following table. Baseline refers to a measurement taken 5 minutes after induction of anesthesia, and the term '5 minutes' refers to a measurement taken 5 minutes after baseline. Can we conclude that, on the basis of these data, among subjects undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the average LVEDV levels change? Let a =.01. LVEDV (ml) Subject Baseline 5 minutes 1 51.7 49.3 2 79.0 72.0 3 78.7 67.0 4 80.3 70.4 5 72.0 65.9 6 85.0 84.8 7 79.0 77.7 8 71.3 74.0 9 54.3 58.0 10 58.8 65.0 a. Mood Median Test b. Sign Test c. Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test d. Wilcoxon Matched-Pair Signed-Ranks Test e. Spearman and Kendall Correlation…arrow_forward
- A botanist found a correlation between the length of an aspen leaf and its surface area to be 0.94. Why does thecorrelation value of 0.94 not necessarily indicate that a linear model is the most appropriate model for therelationship between length of an aspen leaf and its surface area? (A) The value must be exactly 1 or to indicate a linear model is the most appropriate model. (B) The value must be 0 to indicate a linear model is the most appropriate model. (C) A causal relationship should be established first before determining the most appropriate model. (D) The value of 0.94 implies that only 88% of the data have a linear relationship. (E) Even with a correlation value of 0.94, it is possible that the relationship could still be better represented by a nonlinear model.arrow_forwardA paper gives data on x = change in Body Mass Index (BMI, in kilograms/meter2) and y = change in a measure of depression for patients suffering from depression who participated in a pulmonary rehabilitation program. The table below contains a subset of the data given in the paper and are approximate values read from a scatterplot in the paper. BMI Change (kg/m²) Depression Score Change S = The accompanying computer output is from Minitab. Depression score change 15- 10- -0.5 S Fitted Line Plot Depression score change = 6.577 +5.440 BMI change 20- 5.30586 Coefficients T 0.0 0.5 -0.5 R-sq 25.96% - 1 Term Coef Constant 6.577 BMI change 5.440 % 0.5 BMI change 1.0 SE Coef 2.28 2.90 9 0 0.1 0.7 0.8 1 1.5 4 T-Value 2.88 1.87 Interpret this estimate. s is the typical amount by which the ---Select--- line. 4 5 Regression Equation Depression score change = 6.577 +5.440 BMI change P-Value 0.0164 0.0906 S 5.30586 25.96% R-Sq R-Sq (adj) 18.56% 8 (b) Give a point estimate of o. (Round your answer to…arrow_forwardPls. help me in my Stat about CORRELATION ANALYSIS, SIMPLE REGRESSION ANALYSIS & PATH ANALYSIS IN Rarrow_forward
- Calculus For The Life SciencesCalculusISBN:9780321964038Author:GREENWELL, Raymond N., RITCHEY, Nathan P., Lial, Margaret L.Publisher:Pearson Addison Wesley,Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...AlgebraISBN:9780079039897Author:CarterPublisher:McGraw HillBig Ideas Math A Bridge To Success Algebra 1: Stu...AlgebraISBN:9781680331141Author:HOUGHTON MIFFLIN HARCOURTPublisher:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt