Human Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305112100
Author: Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 12, Problem 3RQ
Explain what is meant when we talk about filtration, reabsorption, and secretion in the kidneys.
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Aldosterone affects sodium balance by impacting sodium reabsorption in the distal nephron. If MAP and/or GFR falls, how will this
system function?
Increased levels of aldosterone add epithelial sodium channels (ENaCs) to the luminal membrane of the collecting duct.
Increased levels of aldosterone remove epithelial sodium channels (ENaCs) from the luminal membrane of the collecting duct.
Decreased levels of aldosterone allow increased expression of epithelial sodium channels (ENaCs) in the collecting duct.
O Decreased levels of aldosterone decrease expression of epithelial sodium channels (ENaCs) in the collecting duct.
Which row below indicates a MISMATCH between the processes and the functions
of the kidney?
Row
Process
Function
excretion of metabolic wastes
rids the body of urea and uric acid
maintaining the water-salt
balance
helps regulate blood volume
maintaining the acid-base
balance
rids the body of nitrogenous wastes
regulating salt balance in the
blood
reabsorption of various ions including
Na+
The medullary osmotic gradient exists between:
Select one:
The glomerulus and the Bowman’s capsule
b. The proximal and distal convoluted tubules
The peritubular capillaries and proximal convoluted tubule
The peritubular capillaries and the collecting duct
Successive layers of the renal medulla and the collecting duct
Chapter 12 Solutions
Human Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 12 - Label the parts of this kidney and nephron.Ch. 12 - How does the formation of urine help maintain the...Ch. 12 - Explain what is meant when we talk about...Ch. 12 - Prob. 4RQCh. 12 - Explain how the kidneys help to maintain the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 1SQCh. 12 - The body loses water by way of the ________. a....Ch. 12 - Water and small solutes enter nephrons during...Ch. 12 - Prob. 4SQCh. 12 - Prob. 5SQ
Ch. 12 - Reabsorption depends on _________. a. osmosis...Ch. 12 - Prob. 7SQCh. 12 - Prob. 8SQCh. 12 - Prob. 9SQCh. 12 - Match the following saltwater balance concepts:Ch. 12 - A urinalysis reveals that the patients urine...Ch. 12 - As a person ages, nephron tubules lose some of...Ch. 12 - Fatty tissue holds the kidneys in place. Extremely...Ch. 12 - Licorice is used as a remedy in Chinese...Ch. 12 - Drinking too much water can be a bad thing. If...Ch. 12 - As the text noted, two-thirds of the water and...
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- Which of the following does not contribute to the high salt concentration in the interstitial fluid of the kidney medulla? (a) active transport of sodium from the upper part of the ascending limb (b) diffusion of salt from the ascending limb of the loop of Henle (c) reabsorption of salt from various regions of Bowmans capsule (d) counterflow of fluid through the two limbs of the loop of Henle (e) diffusion of urea out of the collecting ductarrow_forwardWhich of the following does not contribute to the process of filtration? (a) active transport by epithelial cells lining renal tubules (b) large surface area for filtration (c) low permeability of glomerular capillaries (d) high hydrostatic blood pressure in glomerular capillaries (e) podocytesarrow_forwardBlood pressure forces water and small solutes out of blood and into nephrons during ________. a. glomerular filtration c. tubular secretion b. tubular reabsorption d. both a and carrow_forward
- Figure 41.6 Which of the following statements about the nephron is false? The collecting duct empties into the distal convoluted tubule. The Bowman’s capsule surrounds the glomerulus. The loop of Henle is between the proximal and distal convoluted tubules. The loop of Henle empties into the distal convoluted tubule.arrow_forwardWater and small solutes enter nephrons during ________. a. filtration b. reabsorption c. secretion d. both a and barrow_forwardReabsorption depends on _________. a. osmosis across the nephron wall b. active transport of sodium across the nephron wall c. a steep solute concentration gradient d. all of the abovearrow_forward
- would damage to the renal capillaries resulting in an increase in protein filtration and urinary tion affect net filtration pressure in the systemic circulation? Increase capillary reabsorption due to an increase in interstitial colloid osmotic pressure Increase capillary filtration due to an increase in interstitial hydrostatic pressure . Increase capillary filtration due to a decrease in blood colloid osmotic pressure 1. Increase capillary eabsorption due to increased blood hydrostatic pressurearrow_forwardThe first step in the formation of urine is formation of filtrate that accumulates in Bowman's capsule secretion of hydrogen ions into the kidney tubules reabsorption of water by the kidney tubules reabsorption of nutrients by Bowman's capsule excretion of urine into the renal pelvisarrow_forwardExplain what the main product of the kidneys is.arrow_forward
- Where do nitrogenous wastes enter the kidney? Where do they leave? Kidney circulation: Starting with the Aorta and ending with the Inferior Vena Cava, list the pathway of blood, to, through and away from the kidneys. Aorta Which arteriole (afferent or efferent) has a wider diameter? How does that affect hydrostatic pressure in the glomerulus?arrow_forwardThe main function of the nephron loop is to: A. Eliminate acid B. Recover glucose and salt from the tubule fluid C. Create a high osmotic concentration in use extracellular fluid of the renal medulla allowing water recovery D. Secrete drugs scubas penicillin This is not and will not be gradedarrow_forwardWhich of the following would decrease glomerular filtration rate? (More than one answer may be correct) Increased blood pressure Increased solute concentration in the bowman capsule Increased solute concentration in the blood Increased ADH In the ascending loop of henle, more water will flow: From filtrate to interstitial fluid From interstitial fluid to filtrate From capillaries to filtrate From filtrate to capillaries There is no net flowarrow_forward
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