Chemistry In Focus
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781305544727
Author: Tro
Publisher: Cengage
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Textbook Question
Chapter 1, Problem 9E
Match each of the people in column A with their contribution to scientific knowledge in column B.
A | B |
Galileo | conservation of mass |
Democritus | all things are water |
John Dalton | inquisition |
Andreas Vesalius | the nuclear atom |
Empedocles | Sun-centered universe |
Joseph Proust | human anatomy |
Copernicus | the atomic theory |
Ernest Rutherford | constant composition |
Thales | atomos |
Antoine Lavoisier | four basic elements |
Robert Boyle | criticized idea of four Greek elements |
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Chapter 1 Solutions
Chemistry In Focus
Ch. 1 - A chemist observes the behavior of a gas by...Ch. 1 - Classifying Matter Determine whether each of the...Ch. 1 - A cup of coffee is an example of: a. a liquid pure...Ch. 1 - Water is put on the stove and heated with a...Ch. 1 - The Conservation of Mass A match is weighed and...Ch. 1 - Constant Composition of Compounds Two samples of...Ch. 1 - Prob. 4SCCh. 1 - What is meant by the statement Macroscopic...Ch. 1 - Why should nonscience majors study science?Ch. 1 - Prob. 3E
Ch. 1 - Define chemistry.Ch. 1 - Prob. 5ECh. 1 - Prob. 6ECh. 1 - How are science and art similar? How are they...Ch. 1 - What is different about the Greek philosophers...Ch. 1 - Match each of the people in column A with their...Ch. 1 - What were the two main pursuits of alchemy? What...Ch. 1 - Prob. 11ECh. 1 - What is the difference between an element and a...Ch. 1 - What is the difference between a pure substance...Ch. 1 - What is the difference between a homogeneous...Ch. 1 - Explain the differences among a solid, a liquid,...Ch. 1 - Match each term in the left column with three...Ch. 1 - What is the atomic theory?Ch. 1 - Describe Rutherfords gold foil experiment.Ch. 1 - Describe the structure of the atom as explained by...Ch. 1 - What are black holes, and how does their existence...Ch. 1 - Classify each of the following as an observation...Ch. 1 - Classify each of the following as a law or a...Ch. 1 - To the best of your knowledge, classify each of...Ch. 1 - To the best of your knowledge, classify each of...Ch. 1 - Which substance is a liquid mixture? a. lemonade...Ch. 1 - Which substance is a solid? a. the helium in a...Ch. 1 - Classify each of the following properties as...Ch. 1 - Classify each of the following properties as...Ch. 1 - Classify each of the following changes as physical...Ch. 1 - Classify each of the following changes as physical...Ch. 1 - The burning of gasoline in automobile engines is a...Ch. 1 - A campfire is a chemical reaction involving wood...Ch. 1 - Prob. 33ECh. 1 - Prob. 34ECh. 1 - A chemist combines 22 grams of sodium with 28...Ch. 1 - A chemist combines 6 grams of hydrogen with 52...Ch. 1 - Several samples of carbon dioxide are obtained and...Ch. 1 - Several samples of methane gas, the primary...Ch. 1 - According to Rutherfords model of the atom, how...Ch. 1 - According to Rutherfords model of the atom, how...Ch. 1 - When water boils, small bubbles form in the...Ch. 1 - Prob. 42ECh. 1 - Prob. 43ECh. 1 - Prob. 44ECh. 1 - Prob. 45ECh. 1 - The nuclei of a limited number of atoms are...Ch. 1 - Prob. 47ECh. 1 - Based on the molecular views shown for each of the...Ch. 1 - Read The Molecular Revolution" box in this chapter...
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- a Which of the following substances would you expect to be elements and which would you expect to be compounds? 1 aluminum sulfate; 2 osmium; 3 radon; 4 lithium carbonate; 5 dimethylhydrazine. b On what general rule do you base your answers to part a? Can you name any exceptions to this general rule for compounds?arrow_forwardWhen water boils, you can see bubbles rising to the surface of the water. Of what arc these bubbles made? air hydrogen and oxygen gas oxygen gas water vapor carbon dioxide gasarrow_forwardWhat is different about the Greek philosophers approach to scientific knowledge and the approach taken today?arrow_forward
- Calculate the number of atoms in the universe. The following steps will guide you through this calculation: a. Planets constitute less than 1% of the total mass of the universe and can, therefore, be neglected. Stars make up most of the visible mass of the universe, so we need to determine how many atoms are in a star. Stars are primarily composed of hydrogen atoms and our Sun is an average-sized star. Calculate the number of hydrogen atoms in our Sun given that the radius of the Sun is 7108 m and its density is 1.4g/cm3. The volume of a sphere is given by V=(43)r3 (Hint: Use the volume and the density to get the mass of the Sun.) b. The average galaxy (like our own Milky Way galaxy) contains 11011 stars, and the universe contains 1109 galaxies. Calculate the number of atoms in an average galaxy and finally the number of atoms in the entire universe. c. You can hold 11023 atoms in your hand (five copper pennies constitute 1.41023 copper atoms.) How does this number compare with the number of atoms in the universe?arrow_forwardWhat were the four fundamental substances postulated by the Greeks?arrow_forwardSeveral samples of carbon dioxide are obtained and decomposed into carbon and oxygen. The masses of the carbon and oxygen are then weighed, and the results are tabulated as shown here. One of these results does not follow the law of constant composition and is therefore wrong. Which one? a. 12 grams of carbon and 32 grams of oxygen b. 4.0 grams of carbon and 16 grams of oxygen c. 1.5 grams of carbon and 4.0 grams of oxygen d. 22.3 grams of carbon and 59.4 grams of oxygenarrow_forward
- In 1886 Eugene Goldstein observed positively charged particles moving in the opposite direction to electrons in a cathode ray tube (illustrated below). From their mass, he concluded that these particles were formed from residual gas in the tube. For example, if the cathode ray tube contained helium, the canal rays consisted of He+ ions. Describe a process that could lead to these ions. Canal rays. In 1886, Eugene Goldstein detected a stream of particles traveling in the direction opposite to that of the negatively charged cathode rays (electrons). He called this stream of positive particles "canal rays:"arrow_forwardAn isotope of an element contains 63 protons and 91 neutrons. (a) Identify the element and give its symbol. (b) Give the elements atomic number. (c) Give the mass number of the isotope. (d) This element has two naturally occurring isotopes. Given the information in the table, calculate the atomic weight of the element. (e) In which region of the periodic table is the element found? Explain your answer. (f) Is the element a metal, metalloid, or nonmetal? Explain your answer. (g) This element, used in compact fluorescent light bulbs and computer screens, has an atomic radius of 180 pm. Calculate how long the chain of atoms would be if all the atoms in a 1.25-mg sample of this element were put into a row.arrow_forward
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