Essential Organic Chemistry (3rd Edition)
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780321937711
Author: Paula Yurkanis Bruice
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 1, Problem 53P
In which orbitals are the lone pairs in nicotine?
nicotine increases the concentration of dopamine in the brain; the release of dopamine makes a person feel good—the reason why nicotine is addictive
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In what type of orbital does each lone pair reside?
Please explain how to find the specific orbitals in which the lone pairs reside.
2. Complete the table for the indicated compounds
Molecule
C2H2
SF5-
NO3-
Lewis structure
include lone pairs &
formal charges on each
atom
Resonance
structures
don't have to include
lone pairs; write N/A if
there are none
Electron Geometry
Hybridization
on central atom
Overlapping
orbitals
include value of n in the
orbital name (e.g. 1s, not
s). Write N/A if that kind
of bond is not present in
the molecule
T:
Molecular
Geometry
Bond angle(s)
include < as necessary
3D structure and
polarity
don't have to include
lone pairs; draw the
|dipole arrow on the
molecule or write "non-
polar"
Chapter 1 Solutions
Essential Organic Chemistry (3rd Edition)
Ch. 1.1 - Oxygen has three isotopes, 16O, 17O, and 18O. The...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 2PCh. 1.2 - How many valence electrons do chlorine, bromine,...Ch. 1.2 - Look at the relative positions of each pair of...Ch. 1.3 - a. Find potassium (K) in the periodic table and...Ch. 1.3 - Which bond is more polar?Ch. 1.3 - Which of the following has a. the most polar bond?...Ch. 1.3 - Use the symbols + and to show the direction of...Ch. 1.3 - After examining the potential maps for LiH, HF,...Ch. 1.4 - An atom with a formal charge does not necessarily...
Ch. 1.4 - Prob. 12PCh. 1.4 - a. Draw two Lewis structures for C2H6O. b. Draw...Ch. 1.4 - Draw the lone-pair electrons that are not shown in...Ch. 1.4 - Prob. 16PCh. 1.4 - Which of the atoms in the molecular models in...Ch. 1.4 - Prob. 18PCh. 1.7 - What orbitals are used to form the 10 sigma bonds...Ch. 1.9 - Put a number in each of the blanks: a. ___ s...Ch. 1.11 - Predict the approximate bond angles in a. the...Ch. 1.11 - According to the potential map for the ammonium...Ch. 1.12 - Prob. 25PCh. 1.13 - a. Predict the relative lengths and strengths of...Ch. 1.13 - Prob. 28PCh. 1.14 - Which of the bonds in a carbonoxygen double bond...Ch. 1.14 - Caffeine is a natural insecticide, found in the...Ch. 1.14 - a. What is the hybridization of each of the carbon...Ch. 1.14 - Prob. 33PCh. 1.14 - Describe the orbitals used in bonding and the bond...Ch. 1.15 - Account for the difference in the shape and color...Ch. 1.15 - Which of the following molecules would you expect...Ch. 1 - Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following...Ch. 1 - Prob. 38PCh. 1 - What is the hybridization of all the atoms (other...Ch. 1 - Prob. 40PCh. 1 - Draw the condensed structure of a compound that...Ch. 1 - Prob. 42PCh. 1 - Prob. 43PCh. 1 - Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following...Ch. 1 - Prob. 45PCh. 1 - List the bonds in order from most polar to least...Ch. 1 - What is the hybridization of the indicated atom in...Ch. 1 - Write the Kekul structure for each of the...Ch. 1 - Assign the missing formal charges.Ch. 1 - Predict the approximate bond angles for the...Ch. 1 - Prob. 51PCh. 1 - a. Which of the indicated bonds in each compound...Ch. 1 - In which orbitals are the lone pairs in nicotine?...Ch. 1 - Draw the missing lone-pair electrons and assign...Ch. 1 - Rank the following compounds from highest dipole...Ch. 1 - Prob. 56PCh. 1 - a. Which of the species have bond angles of 109.5?...Ch. 1 - Prob. 58PCh. 1 - Sodium methoxide (CH3ONa) has both ionic and...Ch. 1 - a. Why is a H 8 H bond (0.74 ) shorter than a C 8...Ch. 1 - Which compound has a larger dipole moment, CHCl3...Ch. 1 - Which compound has a longer C 8 Cl bond?Ch. 1 - Prob. 63PCh. 1 - The following compound has two isomers. One isomer...
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- Aflatoxin B1 is a carcinogen that damages DNA molecules. Given the molecular structure: Fill in the lone pairs around each oxygen in the formula. Write the atomic orbital hybridization for each of the carbon and oxygen atoms in the formula. Classify each of the bonds shown in the formula as s (sigma) or p (pi). How many total s bonds are there in Aflatoxin B1? How many p bonds are there in Aflatoxin B1? Label each chiral carbon in Aflatoxin B1. How many total stereoisomers exist for Aflatoxin B1?arrow_forwardMethylcyanoacrylate is the active ingredient in super glues. Its Lewis structure is (a) Give values for the three bond angles indicated. (b) Indicate the most polar bond in the molecule. (c) Circle the shortest carbon-oxygen bond. (d) Circle the shortest carbon-carbon bond.arrow_forwardUse the VSEPR model to predict the bond angles around each central atom in the following Lewis structures (benzene rings are frequently pictured as hexagons, without the letter for the carbon atom at each vertex). Note that the drawings do not necessarily depict the bond angles correctly.arrow_forward
- How does the valence bond description of a carboncarbon double bond account for cis trans isomers?arrow_forwardwhich of the following statement is not true? 1)Nitrogen s relative inertness is due to formation of strong and stable bond between 2 nitrogens atom. 2)the bond energy of N2 is relatively higher that makes it relatively inert. 3)the bond energy of an O-H bond is always the same in all compounds that contain an O-H bond 4)carbon-carbon single bond is the longest among all sorts of carbon-carbon bonds 5)a shorter bond in general ,is a stronger bond than a longer bondarrow_forwardWhich is a correct statement about the three planar aromatic ring compounds, C4H42, C5H5, C6H6? O They are all incorrect. O They are all correct. O C4H42 has a quadruply degenerate second energy level. O C5H5 has a 5-degenerate second energy level. O CoHo has a 6-fold degenerate second energy level.arrow_forward
- Rank the five molecules from least polar to most polar. Explain why the order makes sense given what you know about net dipole moments. CH4, CHCl3, CH2Cl2, CH3Cl, CCl4.arrow_forwardMake the following comparisons about the molecules shown next, and briefly explain your choices. Which molecule has the longer Al-C bond distance?arrow_forward) Bean hexene is an odor compound used in cosmetics and cleaners. It is also known as leguminal. Its formula is: CH3CH2CHCHCH2CH2OCHCH2CH3 | OCH3 Please draw a Lewis structure for this compound with CORRECT GEOMETRY (use dashes and wedges!) Label all pi bonds in the molecule (if there are any) Indicate the bond angles for the red highlighted section of the molecule. (hint: you may want to keep the main carbon chain in-plane with the page for clarity) For this question, you don’t need to draw out the orbitals.arrow_forward
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