Biochemistry
Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781305961135
Author: Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Owen M. McDougal
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 1, Problem 16RE

RECALL List five differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Expert Solution & Answer
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Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The five differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes are to be listed.

Concept introduction:

The term “prokaryote” is derived from two Greek words, pro and karyon. Pro means before and karyon means kernel or nut.

The eukaryotes are organisms that possess a true nucleus and they evolved from prokaryotes.

Although the eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotes, their characteristics are different from each other.

Answer to Problem 16RE

Solution:

ChractersProkaryotesEukaryotesNucleusWell defined nucleus is absent Well defined nucleus is present.Plasma membraneOnly one plasma membrane is present.An internalmembrane system is present.Membrane bound organellesThey do not possess any membrane bound organelles.Membrane bound organelles  are presentSizeThey have smaller size than eukaryotes.Eukaryotes are larger in size.Organization of cellsThey are single-celled organismsThey can be single celled organisms or multi-celled organisms 

Explanation of Solution

The earliest cells that were present on the surface of Earth were prokaryotes. The prokaryotes eventually evolved into eukaryotes. The eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles that are absent in prokaryotes. The differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes, based on certain characters, are listed below:

ChractersProkaryotesEukaryotesNucleusWell defined nucleus is absent in prokaryotes. The nucleus is present as nucleiod body.They contain well defined nucleus.Plasma membraneOnly one plasma membrane is present.They contain internal membrane system.Membrane bound organellesThey do not possess any membrane bound organelles.Membrane bound organelles like mitochondria,endoplasmic reticulum, ribosome, lysosomes and others are present in eukaryotes.SizeThey have smaller size than eukaryotes.Eukaryotes are larger in sizeYeast is the smallest eukaryotic cell that is much larger than the prokaryotic cells.Organization of cellsThey are single-celled organismsThey can be single celled organisms like yeast or multi-celled organisms like hydra, echinoderms, mammals and other organisms.

Conclusion

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ on the basis of cell size, level of organization, presence of membrane-bound organelles, organization of nucleus, and presence of the internal membrane system.

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Chapter 1 Solutions

Biochemistry

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