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You are repeating one of Mendel's classic experiments. You expect to find round peas: wrinkled peas in a 3:1 ratio. Calculate p values.
You count 400 peas. You expect 300 round peas and 100 wrinkled peas.
You observed 301 round and 99 wrinkled peas.
What is the p-value? If the exact value is not present, choose the closest value
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Solved in 4 steps
- Work out the Chi-Squared Goodness of Fit for Mendel's actual data on stem length: "Expt. 7: Length of stem. –– Out of 1,064 plants, in 787 cases the stem was long, and in 277 short. Hence a mutual ratio of 2.84:1. In this experiment the dwarfed plants were carefully lifted and transferred to a special bed. This precaution was necessary, as otherwise they would have perished through being overgrown by their tall relatives. Even in their quite young state they can be easily picked out by their compact growth and thick dark–green foliage." F2: O E O-E (O-E)^2 (O-E)^2/E # short 277 266 11 121 0.455 # tall 787 798 -11 121 0.152 sums: 1,064 1064 0.607 degrees of freedom = 2-1=1 Chi-squared value = .607 p-value: 0.25 < p < 0.50 Work out the Chi-Squared Goodness of Fit for Mendel's actual data on flower position: "Expt. 6: Position of flowers. –– Among 858 cases 651…Imagine that Mendel is tending a garden of 100 pea plants. He has 20 plants that are homozygous for the purple allele, 50 plants that are heterozygous, and 30 plants that are homozygous for the white allele. What is the frequency of the purple (P) allele? What is the frequency of the white (p) allele?In Mendel’s 1866 publication as shown in Figure 1-4,he reports 705 purple-flowered (violet) offspring and224 white-flowered offspring. The ratio he obtained is3.15:1 for purple: white. How do you think he explainedthe fact that the ratio is not exactly 3:1?
- In a typical one trait experiment of Mendel's, yellow pureline peas (YY) are crossed with green pureline peas (yy). The offspring are yellow. Then, those offspring are selfed. Which statements are / would be true about this experiment?Gregor Mendel followed specific steps when breeding pea plants to determine the underlying cause and mathematical ratio of specific traits. Drag and drop the four tiles that describe the order of his process and findings. 1 Mendel crossed two identical, true-breeding plants for a particular characteristic. :: Mendel crossed two contrasting true-breeding plants with two different traits for a given characteristic. ::: Mendel labeled the offspring of the first plants bred F1, for first flower generation. Mendel labeled the offspring of the first plants bred F1, for first filial generation. ::: Mendel cross-bred F1 plants with F2 plants. ::: Mendel cross-bred F1 plants with each other. The F2 population produced flowers in a 3:1 ratio of dominant to recessive traits. The F1 population produced flowers in a 3:1 ratio of dominant to recessive traits. DELL & 6 7 1 8 9. 2 eshown are the F2 results of two Mendel's monohybrid crosses. Mendel crossed 2 heterozygote parents. If he were to expect segregation to happen normally, do the results match his expectations? state a null hypothesis that you will test using chi-square analysis. Calculate the chi-square value and determine the p value for both crosses a. Full pods: 882; constricted pods: 299 (full pods are dominant over constricted) b. violet flowers: 705; white flowers: 500 (violet dominant over white)
- You are studying a new allele of the yellow gene in pea plants (the gene that in Mendel’s experiments gave green peas with the yy allele combination). You refer to this new allele as y2. When you look at y2y2 homozygotes, you find that 80% of the peas are some shade of green and of these green peas 50% of them are the same full green shade as Mendel’s original yy allele and 50% of them are a shade that is halfway between yellow and green. Discuss these properties in terms of expressivity and penetrance.”In this program, you are provided with phenotype pair counts of F2 offspring at two research institutes. The key different between this work and previous work is that now we consider two genes instead of one. The phenotype pairs are the (shape, color) of peas from a pea plant. It turns out that there are two separate genes that code for these phenotypes. We shall call them Shape and Color. Gregor Mendel originally recorded these experiments in green peas. Using the notation: R = Round (dominant) allele at Shape gene; r = Wrinkled (recessive) allele at Shape gene; Y = Yellow (dominant) allele at Color gene; y = Green (recessive) allele at Color gene; then the shape and color of any pea can be determined by studying the genotypes at each gene. It turns out that, when one mates a plant that is homozygous for the dominant alleles (RRYY) with a plant that is homozygous for the recessive alleles (rryy), the F1 generation are heterozygous at both genes, as with a single gene disorder.…To assess Mendel’s law of segregation using tomatoes, a true-breeding tall variety (SS) is crossed with a true-breeding short variety (ss). The heterozygous F1 tall plants (Ss) were crossed to produce two sets of F2 data as follows. Set 1 Set 2 30 tall 300 tall 5 short 50 short Using the chi-square test, analyze the results for both datasets. Calculate the chi-square values and estimate the p-values in both cases. From the above analysis, what can you conclude about the importance of generating large datasets in experimental condition?
- Mendel describes subjecting each of the 34 varieties of peas he obtained to a two-year trial. During this time he let the plants self-fertilize and observed their offspring. What was he looking for, and what was the purpose of doing this two-year trial? Explain what Mendel means when he writes that the 3:1 ratio observed in the first generation from the hybrids "resolves itself" into a ratio of 2:1:1Using Mendel’s lines of peas, describe how you would use a test cross experimental design to determine the genotype of a pea plant with purple flowers. Be very specific in describing your experimental design and how you would interpret your results based on the proportion of offspring phenotypes. Make sure to include all possible offspring phenotypes in your answer and what the proportion of phenotypes tells you about the purple plant genotype.In Mendel’s 1866 publication as shown in Figure 1-4, he reports 705 purple-flowered (violet) offspring and 224 white-flowered offspring. The ratio he obtained is 3.15:1 for purple: white. How do you think he explained the fact that the ratio is not exactly 3:1?
