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- 7. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase catalyzes the reaction shown below. Kinetic data for the enzyme isolated from the thermophilic bacterium T. maritima are presented in the following table. CH₂OPO H но CH₂OPO OH H H OH Н OH Glucose-6-phosphate Substrate NADP+ NAD+ NADP+ Glucose-6-phosphate NADPH + H+ glucose-6- phosphate dehydrogenase H 12.0 НО H OH H Η OH 6-Phosphoglucono-8-lactone KM (mM) Vmax (Umg-¹) 0.15 20 0.03 20 6 a. NADPH inhibits glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. What kind of inhibitor is NADPH? b. How are the values of KM and Vmax likely to differ from those listed in the table if NADPH is present? c. Does glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase prefer NAD+ or NADP+ as a cofactor?1. Write the over all equation of formation of one palmitate molecule via condensation, reduction, dehydration, and reduction reactions.. Single line text. 2. Write the overall equation for the transfer of one acetyl group from the mitochondrion to the cytosol.. Single line text.One of the steps in psilocybin biosynthesis is the phosphorylation of 4-hydroxytryptamine By the enzyme Psik as shown below, that involves the hydrolysis of ATP. NH₂ OH HO Psik HO of A& ADP 4-hydroxytryptamine ATP norbaeocystin The standard free energy changes for each reaction is shown in the Table below. J reaction 4-hydroxytryptamine + P₁ → norbaeocystin ATP → ADP+ Pi (b) What is the equilibrium constant at 37 °C? AG 27.7 kJ/mol -32.2 kJ/mol (a) Write the net reaction. What is the standard free energy change for the net reaction? (c) In the cell, the concentration of ATP is 3.1 mM, the concentration of P; Is 5.90 mM, and the Concentration of ADP is 220 μM. What will AG Be if the concentration of norbaeocystin Is always kept at 1/100 of the concentration of 4-hydroxytryptamine?
- 17. Omeprazole is a bioprecursor prodrug that is activated by protonation to give active metabolite that inhibits H¨,K*-ATPase covalently. By using chemical equations show activation of Omeprazole and its reaction to inhibit the H*,K*-ATPase. CH3 H3CO. s=0 H3C HNN Omeprazole OCH3 18. The following compound is an open-chain prodrug of benzodiazepines which undergo N- dealkylation to triazolam. Using chemical equations show transformation of this prodrug to triazolam. H3C H3C CH3 CH3 triazolam open-chain prodrug of triazolamWhat is the catalytic efficiency of Catalase ? Table. The values of KM and kcat for some Enzymes and Substrates Enzyme Carbonic anhydrase Substrate CO2 HCO3 KM (M) 1.2 x 10-2 2.6 x 10-2 Kcat (s-1) 1.0 x 106 4.0 x 105 Catalase H2O2 2.5 x 10-2 1.0 x 107 Urease Urea 2.5 x 10-2 4.0 x 105 O A. 4 x 108 M-s-1 O B. 4 x 108 M-1.s-1 OC25x 10-9 M-s1 D. 2.5 x 102 M-1.s-1 OE 1.0 x 107 s111. Calculate the equilibrium constant for the hydrolysis of glucose-1-phosphate at 25°C AG ° for the reaction, Glucose -1-phosphate+ water Glucose + Pi is - 20.9 KJ.mol-¹1 12. Calculate the Agº for the reaction Phosohoenolpuruvate ADP + Pi ===== Phosphoenolpyruvate + H₂O + ADP ==== Puruvate + ATP ATP + H₂0 AG° = 30.5 KJ.mol-¹ 13. Calculate the AG for the reaction 0 A + B ==== Pyruvate + Pi AG° = -61.9 KJ.mol-¹ C + D at 25°C When equilibrium concentrations are (A) = 10µM (B) = 15μM (C) = 3џM (D) = 5µM. Is the reaction exergonic and endergonic under standard conditions? 14. For the reaction A---B at 298K, the change in enthalpy is -7KJ.mol-¹ and the change in entropy is -25 J.K-¹.mol-¹¹. Is the reaction spontaneous? If not, the temperature be increased or decreased to make the reaction spontaneous? 15. A spherical bacterium with a diameter of 1μm contains 2 molecules of a particular protein. What is the molar concentration of the particular protein?
- Why does growth of ETPUM in Medium # require oxygen? ' ink about this in terms of howETPUM can generate a net gain in ATP by processing polyurethane. Remember that the degradationof polyurethane by polyurethanase does not expend ATP. In order to answer this question, address eachof the following questions in your answer:a. Is there a net gain or loss of ATP during the transport of the citrate?b. Consider the ATPs that can be generated via substrate-level phosphorylation. Will glycolysis beuseful for generating any ATPs during growth on polyurethane? How many ATPs can be generatedvia TCA? Is this enough to support growth (is there a net positive in the ATP tally)?c. Now consider how else ETPUM can generate ATPs (if not by substrate- level phosphorylation). Canthis process generate a net positive in the ATP tally?d. Now explain the importance of oxygen as relates to the ATP tally.23. An important step in glycolysis is the formation of ATP and pyruvate from phosphoenol-pyruvate (PEP) and ADP. PEP ADP pyruvate+ATP The equilibrium constant (Keq) for this reaction is approximately 2.5x10°. Calculate standard free energy change (AG°') for this reaction. Show your work. onege b. Is the reaction exergonic or endergonic at standard conditions? If, at equilibrium, the concentrations of ADP and ATP are 0.2 mM and 2.0 mM, respectively, what is the equilibrium concentration ratio of [pyruvate] to [PEP]? Show your work. с.1 of 1 3. A sample of glucose reacts in anaerobic respiration. The right- hand box below shows a particle diagram of the moles of substances present after the reaction is complete. fe On a piece of paper draw the "Before" box as shown and draw a particle diagram of the reactant molecules that produced the mixture shown on the right. Key = C2H5OH = CO2 = CgH1206 Sub Before After You will need to draw a diagram to answer this question. On a piece of paper, draw the "Before" box as shown, and then draw a particle diagram of the reactant molecules that produced the mixture shown on the right. Upload an image of your drawing by clicking "Upload files" or by dragging and dropping your file into the box. Or, use your device's camera to take a photo of your work by clicking the camera icon.
- 1. What are the effects of pH and temperature to catalase? What is the optimum pH and optimum temperature for catalase? 2. Explain why the rate of reaction initially increases with increase in temperature then gradually declines as the temperature is further increased. 3. Is the rate of enzymatic reaction always directly dependent on enzyme concentration? Explain. 4. Explain the effect of substrate concentration on enzyme activity. 5. What is the effect of CuSO, on the enzymatic activity of catalase? 6. Is CuSO4 an activator or inhibitor? If it is an inhibitor, what kind of inhibitor is it?Energy conservation in microorganisms can be highly diverse. Technically, any pair of electron donor (donates electrons and is oxidized) and electron acceptor (accepts electrons and is reduced) that forms a redox reaction with positive reduction potential can support microbial growth, although many of them have not been observed. Calculate how many moles of ATP can theoretically be generated from 1 mole of sulfur (So/SO4-) as the electron donor and nitrate as the electron acceptor (NO3-/N2).6F. What conformational state is stabilized by y in ATP synthase? Why might achieving this state require energy input from the PMF?
