Which experimental technique would be most helpful in mapping the function of the cells in the primary motor cortex? Select one: a. electrical stimulation b. cortical lesions c. Golgi stain d. intracellular recording e. immunohstochemistry/immunocytochemistry
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Which experimental technique would be most helpful in mapping the function of the cells in the primary motor cortex?
Select one:
a. electrical stimulation
b. cortical lesions
c. Golgi stain
d. intracellular recording
e. immunohstochemistry/immunocytochemistry
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- 3) Where is TTX obtained from? 4) What was the effect of Lidocaine? 5) Relate 4 above to Lidocaine's clinical use Activity 5: Measuring Refractory Periods of Neurons: this simulation you will gradually decrease the time between successive stimuli until: d. A stronger stimulus is required to generate a 2nd AP (relative refractory period) of b. A second AP cannot be produced at all (absolute refractory period). Use your data from Chart 5 to answer the questions below: 1) What interval between stimuli initially prevented a second AP? 2) Was this the relative or absolute refractory period? 3) What was the minimum interval for relative refractory period (hint: minimum interval where you could still generate a second AP with a stronger stimulus? 4) What interval completely prevented a second AP? 5) Is this relative or absolute RP? ME Activity 6: The "Language" of the nervous system: Frequency of Aps. Use your data from Chart 6 to answer the questions below: 1) What is the effect of…Local anesthetics "block" the action potential and therefore do not allow "pain" information to proceed to the brain and spinal cord. In the presence of these molecules (local anesthetics) 'threshold' is essentially "ignored". The molecules most logically work by: 23. a. Decreasing the intracellular [potassium] b. Blocking the opening of the voltage-gated potassium channels c. Decreasing the extracellular [sodium] d. Blocking the opening of the voltage-gated sodium channelsSingle cell recordings in the dorsal stream (parietal areas) tell us about the mechanisms involved in action control. All of the following is true, EXCEPT: a. All listed here are correct b. Neurons in different parietal areas support the link between gaze-centered neurons area to the body-centered neurons c. Some neurons signal whether to move eyes and some neurons signal whether to move hands d. Some neurons in the anterior intraparietal area respond to 3D shapes that vary in size/orientation, but not to 2D shapes e. Some neurons respond based on the position of an object in relation to the hand f. Neurons in the parietal cortex are allocentric and they exhibit activity that reflects learned movements
- 1.) What is the general understanding of biological processes, including depolarization, nerve impulse transmission and synaptic transmission 2.) what is integrating a sense (ie. vision hearing etc.) into knowledge of reflex arcs and then arranging the events in order they would occur 3.) how an external substance would change the distribution of ions in a resting membrane and alter the electrochemical response 4.) identifying the names and locations of glands thWhich of the following statements are true of sensory pathways? (Read carefully and select all the correct statements.) A. Sensory neurons carry impulses from receptors to the CNS. B. Sensory tracts include peripheral nerves such as the femoral nerve. C. Sensory receptors are different in that each type detects a specific type of change. D. Sensory receptors are similar in that they all interpret impulses the same way. E. Most of the sensory areas are in the cerebral cortex. F. The cranial nerves involved in sensations are part of sensory tracts.How can one experimentally differentiate the function of different frontal areas (M1, FEFs, premotor, SMA, PFC) in action control? Answers: a. Examine neural activity using a task design that separates external cue, internal goals, and movement b. Apply TMS to different frontal areas at different time points of a task requiring performance of self-guided and sensory-guided movements c. Separate animals into different groups and lesion different areas and test their ability to control behavior d. Both B & C e. All of these are correct
- Discuss the concept of thought-controlled input devices and their potential in medical applications and assistive technology. What ethical considerations arise when using thought-controlled devices?Which role do gamma (γ) motor neurons play in the function of a muscle spindle? Select one: a. They improve the accuracy of the reported sensory information by innervating intrafusal fibers b. They enhance the force of muscle contraction by innervating intrafusal fibers c. They coordinate the contraction of extrafusal and intrafusal fibers d. They improve the accuracy of the reported sensory information by innervating extrafusal fibers e. They enhance the force of muscle contraction by innervating extrafusal fibersDenervation supersensitivityof the muscle in LMN lesions is due to : -a- increased release of neurotransmitter from the degenerating nerve terminalsb- decreased release of neurotransmitter from the degenerating nerve terminalsc- increased number of transmitter receptors in fibers of the denervated muscled- decreased number of transmitter receptors in fibers of the denervated muscle
- ILLUSTRATE the following and give their function: A. Cross Section of a Nerve B. Cross Section of the Spinal Cord C. Neuron and Neuroglia in Nerve smear NMN mmnA nerve conduction velocity test measures nerve conduction velocity. In this test, an electrical stimulus is applied to a peripheral nerve and the length of time it takes for the corresponding muscle to contract is measured. Because the length of the nerve from stimulus point to muscle and the time it takes for the muscle to contract are both known, NCV can be calculated. This test result is helpful in distinguishing between different types of pathologies. For example, a patient with muscle weakness is being tested by a physician. There are three possible sources of the weakness: Disease of the muscle itself such as muscular dystrophy. In this condition, normal muscle tissue is replaced by adipose tissue and the muscle becomes incapable of contraction. Disease at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) such as myasthenia gravis. This condition is described in the Skeletal Muscle Histology exercise and results from damage to the acetylcholine receptors on the muscle end plate. Disease…Please note these are all one question group and should be answered as such! Which of the following statements accurately defines epineurium? A. Fluid-filled space at a synapse through which neurotransmitters diffuse B. A vesicle containing neurotransmitters in the axon terminal of a neuron C. The CT sheath that binds together the groups of fascicles, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels in a peripheral nerve D. The branch of the ANS that adapts the body for rest and digestion Which of the following statements accurately defines sacral plexus? A. The ventral rami of C1–C4 (and a small contribution from C5) that serve the head and neck B. The ventral rami of L1–L4 that serve the pelvis and lower limb C. The ventral rami of C5–T1 that serve the upper limb D. The ventral rami of L4–S4 that serve the pelvis and lower limb