What are the genetic and molecularfeatures that differ between pathogensand members of the normal humanmicrobiota? How can our immunesystem distinguish between the two?
Q: Discuss the place in therapy of beta 2 agonists in asthma and describe their mode of action.
A: Beta 2 agonists therapy in asthma treatment.
Q: There are a large percentage of; O O calcium in the body, it has a much heavier nucleus than most…
A: Bone It constitutes protein framework called collagen and calcium phosphate. These constituents make…
Q: This event of the EMT causes cells to change form, becoming constricted at the apical end (away from…
A: Epithelial mesenchymal transition is very important for the further process of gastrulation,…
Q: What are opportunistic pathogens, facultative parasite and obligate parasites
A: MICROORGANISMS The organisms that can only be seen with the help of microscope are termed as…
Q: An ecologist studying the availability of nutrients and the distribution of the plants that live in…
A: Ecology is a branch of science that deals with the interactions between biotic and abiotic factors.…
Q: How are molecules inheritedasymmetrically during cell division?
A: Introduction:- Asymmetric division is a type of division that happens mostly during stem cell…
Q: Changes in the temperature of our external environment can cause core body temperature to rise or…
A: Semipermeable membranes are those which allow only selected molecules to pass through while blocking…
Q: How do cells use geneticinstructions to form the shape ofsomething as complex as the humannose?
A: A genome is an organism's complete set of genetic instructions. Each genome contains all of the…
Q: Which finches are best adapted for eating small seeds?
A: Darwin gave the theory of natural selection as mechanism of evolution , it is a mechanism which…
Q: Human Chromosome 22 (48 × 106 nucleotide pairs in length) has about 700 protein-coding genes, which…
A: Introduction :- Chromosomes are thread-like structures within the nucleus that securely wrap DNA.…
Q: 1. How is the physical environment on mountains at mid latitudes to that tropical alpine zones? How…
A: physical environments on the mountains changes from low to high altitudes; however the specific…
Q: Create a hypothesis using if and then statement about the AntiFungal Activity of Red Dragon Peel
A: The red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) is a species of plant that provides the natural dye…
Q: 25) Identify the most correct choice: Oa) ribosomes are the membrane bound organelles responsible…
A: Introduction :- Gene therapy is the process of changing the genes in your body's cells in order to…
Q: Why do living trees not rot? Redwood trees, forexample, can live for centuries, but once they die…
A: Introduction :- The state of decaying, deteriorating, or declining is referred to as decay. What has…
Q: Describe how each of the following levels of organization contribute to homeostasis of cellular ATP…
A: Homeostasis has turned to be the central unifying idea of physiology and is characterized as an…
Q: Give 5 similar species with different characteristics.
A: We are allowed to do only one question. Please repost the undone question again. Thank you for…
Q: Please explain this Angiosperm Life Cycle
A: Angiosperms are also called as flowering plants. They are seed-bearing or fruit bearing plants. They…
Q: When Penicillin G binds to it's target molecule, what part of the Penicillin molecule fits into the…
A: Penicillin G is a broad-spectrum, beta-lactam naturally occurring penicillin antibiotic with…
Q: Also known as the bubble boy illness? A. Rheumatoid Arthritis B. Lupus C. Asthma D. SCID II. This…
A: Vaccination is the use of vaccines to stimulate your immune system to protect you against infection…
Q: Why does the velocity of nerve impulse conduction along the nerve decrease when the nerve is…
A: Neurons are the structural and functional unit of nervous system. They are long and branched. They…
Q: 3. Researchers have identified clathrin-coated vesicles that mediate endocytosis and TGN-to-endosome…
A: Signal transduction pathways translate signals received at the cell's surface into cellular…
Q: Hopea Plagata has a transpiration rate of 0.7621 cm³/min while Delonix Regia has a transpiration…
A: Transpiration is the process of evaporation of water through aerial parts of the plant. The rate is…
Q: 76. (a) The risk of acquiring COVID-19 infection is greater when you eat at home rather than when…
A: NOTE: Since you have posted multiple questions so we will be solving the first three for you. As per…
Q: With regard to RNA polymerase proofreading ability, which of the following is true? OA 3'5'…
A: Answer : with regard to rna polymerase proof reading, the true statement is : no proofreading…
Q: ) Identify the most correct choice: a) All fungi reproduce by binary fission. b) Fungi are…
A: Fungus Fungus specifically refers to the class of organisms including mushrooms. these are…
Q: Prezygotic reproductive isolation can occur a. during embryo development
A: Prezygotic reproductive isolation is the type of reproductive isolation.
Q: List the major digestive enzymes for carbohydrate, protein, fat and nucleic acid digestion
A: Mechanical digestion is the process of physical breakdown of complex food particles into simple…
Q: In identifying the marginal cells of the tunicate embryo, which of the following is the role of the…
A: The seas squirts are examples of tunicates which are a type of invertebrates found in Marine…
Q: Is sickle cell rare or prevalent in the human population
A: Sickle cell illness (SCD) is a Group of acquired red blood cell disorder. Assuming you have SCD,…
Q: weather allows you to compensate for the sodium loss in sweat and remove the accumulated excess of…
A: Introduction Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid steroid hormone produced by the zona glomerulosa in…
Q: Hopea Plagata has a transpiration rate of 1.1554 cm³/min while Delonix Regia has 1.8687 cm³/min.…
A: Water is absorbed by the root hair and moves from cell to cell via osmosis until it reaches the…
Q: 3. What is the difference between cysticercosis and taeniasis? 4. Why is Hymenolepis diminuta…
A: Note: According to bartleby guidelines only first question is to be answered. So please upload other…
Q: That effect might selective breeding of plants and limals have on the size of Earth's human…
A: Natural selection is a driving force for evolution.
Q: Encode the word true if the statement is correct. If the underline word/s is incorrect, then correct…
A: Answer. FALSE
Q: 3. Identify whether each process below occurs during mitosis, meiosis, or both. a. Sister chromatids…
A: Introduction Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter…
Q: To analyze: The new adaptations within a species that results from natural selection.
A: Microevolution is defined as a change in the frequency of alleles in a population that occurs over…
Q: Describe the following regulatory genes - maternal effect genes - pair rule genes - segmented…
A: The anterior posterior polarity of the embryo , larva and adult has its origins in the anterior…
Q: How do germ cells avoid aging?
A: Introduction The process of becoming older is referred to as ageing. The term primarily refers to…
Q: May I ask why are there 10 plants that will be used?
A: Sample size Sample size is the number of organisms use in a set of experiment.
Q: clostridium botulinum is a bacterium usually present in soil that may cause botulism. Briefly…
A: Clostridium botulinum is an organism that produces the botulinum toxin. It causes the disease…
Q: Which of the following proteins can be used in optogenetic system? O A. OptoXR, an engineered…
A:
Q: 1. Discuss the significance of these structures which can be exhibit by some cestodes: a.…
A: There are two major phylums of helminths Nemahelminthes - also called the round worm…
Q: Briefly describe 4 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
A: The term “prokaryote” is derived from the Greek word “pro“, (meaning: before) and “karyon” (meaning:…
Q: Bringing the countryside into the city through urban farming. Bringing the countryside into the city…
A: The Urban Food Systems Program is a series of activities that are important for giving access to…
Q: Explain the double fertilization in angiosperm
A: In the angiosperms or flowering plants , the pollen grains band the ovules are devoloped in…
Q: What is gene pool.
A: Thus, a gene is a fundamental unit of inheritance, carrying coded information associated with a…
Q: Which of the following impact the carrying capacity of an area? Size of area How fun it is Food…
A: Carrying capacity Every environment has organisms surviving in it. all organism relies on two basic…
Q: 1. Which of the following is another example of an autotrophs? a. mushroom b. cactus c. grasshopper…
A: Introduction Autotrophs are known as producers, they produce their own food using light, water,…
Q: Use the dichotomous key for this question. You have determined your unknown organism to be…
A: Biochemical tests are done to identify particular microbes in a pool of microbes.
Q: To determine: The reason that the alleles associated with antibiotic resistance present in the…
A: Antibiotics are potent germ-fighting agents that should be used with caution and caution. The term…
What are the genetic and molecular
features that differ between pathogens
and members of the normal human
microbiota? How can our immune
system distinguish between the two?
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- An outbreak of Ebola between 2014 and 2016 resulted in 28,616 cases and 11,310 deaths in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone. An additional 36 cases and 15 deaths were reported outside these 3 countries. This deadly disease urged the need for extensive research on Ebola to better understand and treat the disease and prevent future outbreaks. Ebola is a - SSRNA virus. What does this mean for how it is converted into proteins? Does this virus require additional machinery to be infectious? Can you hypothesize based on how it replicates in the cell what scientists might hope to target for treatment or prevention of Ebola?The National Institutes of Health (NIH) set up a study to determine whether large doses of vitamin C would shorten the length of time it takes to recover from a cold. Three thousand volunteers were split into two groups. For two weeks, members of Group A took 3,000 mg of vitamin C daily. Group B received 3,000 mg of a placebo. At the end of the two-week period, the researchers inserted live cold viruses directly into the noses of all the volunteers. The volunteers in both Group A and B continued to take their daily pills. All the volunteers got colds, and there was no significant difference in the length of time the colds lasted. What is the experimental group in this example? Select the best answer. Group B. Three thousand volunteers. Group A. The live cold virus. Length of time the colds lasted. The vitamin C. Size of pill (3000 mg).Mad cow disease, or bovine spongiform encephalopathy, appears to be caused by a novel infectious agent: a protein that replicates by causing related proteins to modify their structure from a harmless shape to a dangerous one. These prions (short for “proteinaceous infectious particles”) also appear to be the cause of several other spongiform encephalopathy diseases, such as scrapie in sheep, and kuru and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans. Which of the following observations or experiments would not support the hypothesis that a prion causes spongiform encephalopathy? (a) The brains of many sheep with scrapie contain prion proteins, but the brains of most sheep without scrapie do not. (b) There is a high incidence of kuru in populations of people who consume brain tissue from prion-infected animals. (c) Coyotes that feed on cows with mad cow disease do not subsequently develop spongiform encephalopathy. (d) When introduced into sheep brain cells in culture, prions cause the normal…
- Should the DNA sequence encoding human pathogens be freely available online? and Why?What does a bacteriophage accomplish with lysogeny? O 1) it allows the bacteriophage to destroy the host cell's DNA. 2) it enables the bacteriophage to take over the cell. O 3) it speeds up the viral infection cycle. 4) it allows the bacteriophage to infect cells it would not normally infect. O 5) the genetic material of the bacteriophage can be passed on to future generations of infected cells.The same molecular process that causes antigenic drift in HIV can lead to resistance to some antiretroviral drugs used in HIV therapy. Which of the following explains why a combinationdifferent antiretroviral drugs is more effective than a single antiretroviral drug? Select ALL that apply.a).Each antiretroviral drug has a different mechanism of action and targets a different aspect of HIV replication.b).By using 3 different antiretroviral drugs at the same time, it is highly unlikely that a combination of mutations conferring drug resistance will occur at the same time.c)Administering 3 antiretroviral drugs achieves higher levels of each drug than administering just one antiretroviral drug.d).By using 3 different antiretroviral drugs, these drugs are likely to be more effective in inhibiting the same HIV enzyme than one antiretroviral drug.e),Administering 3 antiretroviral drugs is less toxic than administering one antiretroviral drug.
- Regarding the production of monoclonal antibodies, it is CORRECT to state that: * A) Hybridomas are cells generated from the fusion of myeloma cells and cells from animals challenged with the antigen of interest that have the ability to produce antibodies and limited cell proliferation. B) All hybrid cells generated from the fusion of cells from the challenged animal and cells of the myeloma lineage will have the ability to produce antibodies reactive against the antigen of interest. C) The HAT selection medium contains aminopterin, which is an efficient inhibitor of the thymidine kinase metabolic pathway, thus eliminating myeloma cells that are not fused or fused with other cells of the same kind. D) The HAT selection medium contains hypoxanthine, which is an efficient inhibitor of the nucleotide synthesis salvage pathway, thus eliminating cells from the challenged animal that are not fused or fused with other identical cells. E) Hybridomas will produce antibodies with the…Assume you are studying the infection dynamics between a species of spider and a species of ringworm that infects the spider. You sequence the genomes of each species for 30 years and find that each of these species has evolved adaptations. Specifically, the spider has evolved immune system adaptations to remove the ringworm and the ringworm has evolved counter-adaptations to evade the spider's immune system. Surprisingly, you find that the ability of the ringworm to infect the spider has not changed over 30 years. The finding that infectiousness has not changed in 30 years would be in support of which of the following? a. The Red Queen Hypothesis b. Muller's Ratchet c. The Asexual Reproduction Benefit Hypothesis d. The Genetic Load HypothesisFor sickle cell anemia: a) Description of the phenotype b) Description of the genetics of transmission (Dominant or recessive, autosomal or X linked, penetrance, modifiers?) c) The molecular nature of the typical causative alleles (point mutation, insertion, deletion) and their affect on the corresponding protein. d) Current Treatments and Future Please answer all parts asap
- Penicillin was first used in the 1940s to treat gonorrhea infections produced by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. In 1984, according to the CDC, fewer than 1% of gonorrhea infections were caused by penicillin-resistant N. gonorrhoeae. By 1990, more than 10% of cases were penicillin resistant and a few years later the level of resistance was 95%. Explain the various ways this resistance could be spread among the cells. Could this resistance pass to other infectious bacteria from N. gonorrhoeae?Moderna and Pfizer vaccines for COVID-19 use mRNA to the Spike protein combined with lipids. Which of the following is/are advantages of this type of vaccine compared to an inactivated virus vaccine? Select ALL correct answers. a) The vaccine is more stable for transport. b) The vaccine does not contain the virus so it cannot give you COVID-19. c) The vaccine can be rapidly produced in a slightly different form to protect from variants of SARS-CoV-2. d) The vaccine does not need a booster.Which of the following is false when considering the CCR5Δ32 mutation? a) The mutation prevents the entry of HIV-1 into a T cell. b) The deletion that produced CCR5Δ32 caused a frameshift which extends the length of the protein product. c) CCR5Δ32 prevents infection by HIV-1 in homozygotes but only delays the onset of HIV symptoms in heterozygotes. d) The protein product produced by CCR5Δ32 is altered in such a manner that it cannot embed in the cell membrane.