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33.Have the answer short with brief and understandable explanations.
- Distinguish prevalence from incidence of a disease?
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps
- 51. Which of the following statements is/are TRUE on the levels of prevention?I. Primary prevention occurs before the pathological onset of disease. Its aim is to block the start ofdisease.II. Secondary prevention takes place from the pathological onset of disease to the occurrence of clinicalsymptoms. It aims is to delay the onset and duration of symptomatic disease and improve survival.III. Tertiary prevention takes place after clinical symptoms develop. Its aim is to slow or block theprogression of disease and therefore reduce disease sequelae and improve survival.IV. All prevention activities may have the added benefit of reducing or halting the spread of disease.V. All prevention activities assume that the action taken will reduce the occurrence of disease and itsaftereffects.A. I, II B. I, II, III C. I, II, III, IV D. I, II, IV82. Which of the following may produce an epidemic curve characteristic of a propagated source outbreak?A. Gastroenteritis brought about by a virus horizontally transmitted via direct contactB. Gastroenteritis caused by a sewage system leaking into a town’s water supplyC. Gastroenteritis due to a contaminated batch of packaged food in grocery storesD. Gastroenteritis from a contaminated food item shared during a single meal83. Who among the following individuals may be considered a secondary case in an outbreak investigation?A. Ana has elevated blood pressure secondary to acute gastroenteritis after attending a party.B. Ian was infected by his roommate John, who was exposed to a patient zero while travelling.C. Mary got infected with her classmates when they attended a meeting in a compromised venue.D. Ted manifested symptoms of a communicable diseases when he got home from a trip abroad.10. True or False? The prevalence of a disease depends on the incidence of the disease as well as the duration of the disease.
- 58. The three requisites which are considered for something to be a risk factor include the following EXCEPT:A. Frequency of the disease varies bycategory or value of the factorB. Observed association must not be due toa source of error C. Risk factor must precede the onset ofdiseaseD. Risk factor promotes increased variabilityof disease59. Which determinant of health underpins most of the non-communicable diseases?A. Dietary factorsB. Environmental factors C. Immunological factorsD. Social factors73. (I) Relative risk measures indicate what impact a disease will have on a population in terms of numbers orpersons affected by being exposed. (II) The attributable risk ratio tells us exactly how many more people areaffected in the exposed than in the unexposed.A. Both statements are false.B. Both statements are true.C. First statement is false; second statement is true.D. First statement is true; second statement is false.Explain what an emerging disease is and give an example.
- 70. All of the following correctly describes a propagated or progressive source, EXCEPT:A. Disease continues to spread as long as the agent is presentB. Disease continues to spread as long as the vector is presentC. Down slope may be sharp if the common source is removedD. Infection easily spreads from person to person57. Which of the following refers to the study of the distribution and determinants of chronic diseases andconditions in human populations?A. Chronic disease epidemiologyB. Clinical disease epidemiology C. Infectious disease epidemiologyD. Occupational disease epidemiology58. Which of the following refers to the study of the distribution and determinants, along with the prevention andcontrol, of diseases caused by pathogens?A. Chronic disease epidemiologyB. Clinical disease epidemiology C. Infectious disease epidemiologyD. Occupational disease epidemiology25. What is the primary goal of an outbreak investigation? To prevent further cases and stop the outbreak To communicate findings to internal investigation partners To find controls for each case To describe the outbreak in terms of person, place, and time