Using the figure above, indicate if each statement is true or false. The ions are moving against their concentration gradient. The ions are moving against the electrical gradient of the membrane. 1. True The ions are moving down their electrochemical 2. False gradient. The movement of these ions would not require an input of energy. >

Using the figure above, indicate if each statement is true or false. The ions are moving against their concentration gradient. The ions are moving against the electrical gradient of the membrane. 1. True The ions are moving down their electrochemical 2. False gradient. The movement of these ions would not require an input of energy. >

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter3: The Plasma Membrane And Membrane Potential

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 5RE: Using the answer code on the right, indicate which membrane component is responsible for the...

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In the Nernst equation [V = 62 log10 (Co/ Ci)], the term Ci represents: the extracellular concentration of potassium the extracellular concentration of sodium the membrane potential (in millivolts) the intracellular concentration of calcium the intracellular concentration of potassium Which of the following ions must be kept to very low concentrations within the cell cytoplasm in order to allow for enough substrate molecules to synthesize nucleotides and nucleic acids? HCO3- (bicarbonate) Ca2+ (calcium) PO43- (phosphate) Na+ (sodium) K+ (potassium)
Cells transporting substances across their membranes is essential. Choose TWO of the following types of cellular transport. ๏osmosis ๏active transport ๏facilitated diffusion ๏endocytosis / exocytosis (a)For each type of transport you choose, describe the transport process. Explain how the organization of cell membrane plays a role the movement of specific molecules across membrane. (b)Using the same transport types, identify a specific cell that utilizes that type of transit (i.e. one cell for each transport type, or two different cell examples), and detail a substance that is transferred. (c)A typical human lymphocyte has a radius of about 10 μm, while a typical bacterium (e.g., S. pneumoniae) has a radius of about 1 μm. Assuming that both cell types are perfectly spherical, compare and contrastthe transport mechanisms for each of these cells.
There are several membrane-bound organelles in cells (e.g. nuclei, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum) that can also have ion channels in their membranes. Sketch an electrical circuit model of a cell that expresses sodium, calcium, and chloride ion channels in its cellular membrane and calcium and chloride ion channels in its nuclear envelope membrane.
It is typically sufficient to rupture cells when the solute concentration is reduced from 0.15M to 0.001M. Calculate what transmembrane pressure this would result in. Use that to access if the red blood cells would break. Yes or No? Compare to the transmembrane pressure when cells are in normal saline solution (0.91%NaCl) -> 0.156M(change unit to osM) Basically Calculate the transmembrane pressure when the solute concentration is reduced from 0.15M to 0.001M Determine if that transmembrane pressure would result in the breakage of red blood cells Calculate the transmembrane pressure when cells are in a normal saline solution and compare
In the Nernst equation [V = 62 log10 (Co / Ci)], the term Co represents: cell bio the intracellular concentration of calcium the extracellular concentration of potassium the extracellular concentration of sodium the intracellular concentration of potassium the membrane potential (in millivolts)
Consider the artificial cell experiment below: Lactose 2.0 M Ca+ = 0.4 M The ion channels in the membrane will allow Ca+ to pass freely, but nothing else. The starting conditions for the experiment are shown. Rewrite the following statement to make it correct: "The calcium ions will move across the membrane because ion channels allow active transport." Lactose = 0.1 M Ca+ = 3.0 M Edit View Insert Format Tools Table 12pt ✓ Paragraph :
Aldosterone is a steroid hormone that freely enters the target cells to act within the cell. Epinephrine is a polar monoamine (amino acid) hormone that interacts with receptors on the cell's surface. What accounts for this difference? [Select any/all that apply.] Steroids are charged and hydrophilic, so aldosterone passed through a transport protein. Steroids are hydrophobic so aldosterone passed through the membrane by simple diffusion. Epinepherine (amino acid) hormone is hydrophilic, so it cannot diffuse through the phospholipid bilayer. Epinepherine (amino acid) hormone could diffuse through the phospholipid bilayer but it is attracted to the receptor protein.
Using the answer code on the right, indicate which membrane component is responsible for the function in question: 1. channel formation____________________________________ (a) lipid bilayer 2. barrier to passage of water- __________________ (b) proteins soluble substances ____________________________________ (c) carbohydrates 3. receptor sites 4. membrane fluidity 5. recognition of self 6. membrane-bound enzymes 7. structural boundary 8. carriers
One thousand Ca2+ channels open in the plasma membrane of a cell that is 1000 μm3 in size and has a cytosolic Ca2+ concentration of 100 nM. for how long would the channels need to stay open in order for the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration to rise to 5 μm? There is virtually unlimited Ca2+ available in the outside medium (the extracellular Ca2+ concentration in which most animal cells live is a few millimolar), and each channel passes 106 Ca2+ ions per second.
The electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane is important for cellular functions including protein transport and information transfer. Pinpoint the specific protein and explain how it maintains the electrochemical gradient.
The electrochemical gradient across membranes is important in determining movement across membranes for a certain type(s) of solute. Which kind? Both anions and cations Positively charged (cations) Neutral/uncharged solutes Negatively charged (anions)
What would happen in each of the following cases where something related to intracellular transport is altered? Assume in each case that the protein involved is a soluble protein, not a membrane protein. State where each protein would be located and explain each of your answers. You add a signal sequence (for the Golgi) to the N-terminal end of a normally cytosolic protein. You change the hydrophobic amino acids in an ER signal sequence into other, hydrophobic, amino acids.