Using a biochemical map and text describe the process by which lactate is recycled from the muscle to liver for gluconeogenesis during high intensity exercise (e.g. a soccer match).
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- Explain the biochemical importance of the components of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway.Arrange the balanced biochemical equations for all the reactions in the payoff phase of glycolysis and the conversion of pyruvate to lactate.Consider the complete oxidation of one mole of simple TAG containing behenic acid residues (22:0). II. What is the net ATP yield for the complete oxidation of all the fatty acid residues of the simple TAG? (Note: glycerol backbone is not included)
- Most individuals with genetic defects in oxidative phosphorylation are found to have relatively high concentrations of alanine in their blood. how this in biochemical terms? please help :)In working skeletal muscle under anaerobic conditions, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is converted to pyruvate (the payoff phase of glycolysis), and the pyruvate is reduced to lactate. Write balanced biochemical equations for all the reactions in this process, with the standard free-energy change for eachreaction. Then write the overall or net equation for the payoff phase of glycolysis (with lactate as the end product), including the net standard free-energy change.Following this experiment, you would like to elucidate the mechanism of action of pyruvatekinase. Unfortunately, the crystal structure of pyruvate kinase is not available, whichrequires the enzyme to be modelled based on the available three-dimensional structures ofrelated enzymes. Suggest a bioinformatics approach that can be conducted to perform thisstudy.
- Explain why people with a hereditary deficiency of carnitine acyltransferase II have muscle weakness. Why are the symptoms more severe during fasting?Write balanced biochemical equations for all the reactions in the catabolism of glucose to two molecules of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (the preparatory phase of glycolysis), including the standard free-energy change for each reaction. Then write the overall or net equation for the preparatory phase of glycolysis, with the net standard free-energy change.Regulatory enzymes are crucial for the proper functioning and coordination of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. As a general rule, regulatory enzymes catalyze reactions that are far from equilibrium. Why does this make good biochemical sense?
- Describe the biochemical alterations that result in type 2 diabetes.Write balanced biochemical equations for all the reactions in the catabolism of glucose to two molecules of pyruvate (the preparatory & payoff phase of glycolysis), including the standard free-energy change ΔG for each reaction. Then write the overall or net equation of glycolysis, with the net standard free-energy change when one molecule of glucose is converted into 2 molecules of pyruvate.Briefly explain the malate-aspartate shuttle. Distinguish between this shuttle with the glycerol -phosphate shuttle based upon their transport of reducing equivalents and their potential for ATP synthesis.