The two electrolytes most important in enabling nerves to respond to stimuli are? A. Chloride and sodium B. Phosphorous and calcium C. iron and calcium D. Potassium and sodium
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The two electrolytes most important in enabling nerves to respond to stimuli are?
A. Chloride and sodium
B. Phosphorous and calcium
C. iron and calcium
D. Potassium and sodium
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- Both potassium and sodium channels located along the nerve membrane are voltage-gated. This means that they respond to the changes in the voltage by opening and closing the gates to allow the ions to flow in or out of the membrane. When the threshold level is reached and depolarization occurs, how come only the sodium ions begin to rush in? a. The threshold levels for both sodium and potassium channels are equal, but sodium channels are slower to open. b. The threshold levels for both sodium and potassium channels are equal, but potassium channels take longer to open. c. The threshold level for the potassium channels is lower than the sodium channels. d. The threshold level for the potassium channels is higher than the sodium channels.During repolarization,the sodium channels are closed.How does this affect a neuron? a. the neuron cannot respond to new stimuli b.The neuron becomes more sensitive to new stimuli c.the neuron can respond to new stimuliAfter the action potential reaches its peak, the potential across the membrane falls toward its resting level. What accounts for this recovery? a. The sodium–potassium pump removes the extra sodium. b. Potassium ions move out because their channels are open and the electrical gradient pushes them out. c. Potassium ions move out because their channels are open and the concentration gradient pushes them out. d. Potassium ions move in.
- What is the combination of an electrical gradient and aconcentration gradient called?a. potential gradientb. electrical potentialc. concentration potentiald. electrochemical gradienWhat happens to the sodium inside the cell once the action potential has passed down the axon. (Short answer)Which best defines depolarization? A. At first polarity is reversed the continues until the potential difference across the membrane is eliminated. B.None C.It reestablishes the resting potential. D. At first eliminates the potential difference across the membrane then continues until the polarity is actually reversed.
- What do multiple sclerosis and ALS (amyotropic lateral sclerosis) have in common?a. They both are more common in young men than in young women.b. They both impair the initiation of action potentials.c. They both damage the myelin sheath, disrupting action potential transmission.d. They both impair nerve function in the peripheral nervous systemName the structure that the arrow is pointing at?A. DendriteB. Axon hillock C. Cell bodyD. Synaptic snobE. Node of ranvierWhich statement about nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) is true? a. Each nAChR is composed of seven different protein subunits. b. They are ionotropic receptors and conduct Na+ and Ca2+ ions across the cell membrane causing depolarization and a fast excitatory response. c. They are ionotropic receptors and conduct K+ ions across the cell membrane, causing depolarization and a fast excitatory response. d. They are found in all areas of the nervous system except the brain.
- What factors increase the speed of nerve impulses in the nervous system? Select ONE: a. The length and thickness of axons b. The presence of myelin sheaths and thickness of axons c. The presence of white and grey matters d. The presence of myelin sheaths and length of axonsMatch each item to the correct statement below. 61. a form of potential energy across a cell membrane 62. basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system 63. connection of neurons that results in an action in response to a stimulus 64. network of nerves that carry sensory messages to the central nervous system 65. the movement of an electrical impulse along the membrane of an axon 66. the process of generating a resting membrane potential of 70 mV. 67. system involving a carrier protein that uses ATP to transport sodium ions out and potassium ions into cells 68. fatty insulating layer around the axons of some nerve cells 69. network of nerves that includes the brain and spinal cord 70. cells that nourish neurons, remove their wastes, and defend against infection f. glial cells g polarization h. myelin sheath reflex arc a. central nervous system b. resting membrane potential C. d. sodium-potassium pump e. peripheral nervous system neurons i. j. action potentialAt rest, a neuron has a lower concentration of sodium than the surrounding fluid. When a neuron sends a signal, it opens sodium channels. What happens to the sodium when the sodium channels open? A. The sodium diffuses out of the cell. B. The sodium is pumped into the cell. C. The sodium is pumped out of the cell. D. The sodium diffuses into the cell.