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- What is the function of the hormone erythropoietin? a. stimulates production of red blood cells b. stimulates muscle growth c. causes the fight-or-flight response d. causes testosterone productionWhich substance may appear in patients experiencing starvation, while fasting, or with individuals with carbohydrate or lipid metabolism abnormalities? a. Ketones b. Glucose c. Proteins d. BilirubinWhat makes the blood abnormally acidic? A. Low levels of ketones B. high level of insulin C. Low level of insulin D. High level of ketones E. None of the above
- How do the functions of the HPA axis compare to those of the sympathetic nervous system?A. The sympathetic nervous system readies the body for brief, vigorous action, and the HPA axis controls digestion and other vegetative activities.B. The sympathetic nervous system activates the brain, and the HPA axis activates the rest of the body.C. The sympathetic nervous system readies the body for brief, vigorous action, and the HPA axis prepares the body for prolonged coping with a persistent stressor.D. The sympathetic nervous system is active during a stressful situation, and the HPA axis becomes active at the end of the stressful situation.What is the effect of aging on glucose regulation? Give specific rational A.Decreased response to insulin B.Increased secretion of glucagon C.Increased oxygen utilization D.Decreased platelet productionndicate whether each of the following statements is true or false. If false, correct the statement or provide a briefexplanation for why it is false.a. Insulin increases the rate of glucose uptake by the tissues.b. Glucagon is the hormone that signals low blood glucose levels.c. The muscles can use glucose, fatty acids and ketone bodies for fuel.d. Epinephrine stimulates breakdown of glycogen in muscles when there is an immediate needfor energy by muscle cells.e. Glucagon stimulates glycogenolysis to maintain the blood glucose concentration.f. With high [carbohydrate] levels, excess glucose (after glycogen storage has reached amaximum) is converted to fat.g. The high potential electrons of NADH enter the respiratory chain at NADH-Q reductase.h. Ubiquinol (QH2) is also the entry point for electrons from NADH of flavoproteins.i. Cytochrome reductase catalyzes the transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to O2.
- Which adipokine is expressed at higher levels in obese individuals? a. insulin b. growth hormone c. angiotensin II d. leptin e. follicle stimulating hormoneThe hypothalamus releases antidiuretic hormone that reduces urine formation in the kidney. Under which condition can the hypothalamus produce more antidiuretic hormone? a. Drinking a bottle of wine b. Eating salty food C. Having excess water in the body d. Sweating heavily during exerciseWhen a person fasts for days or weeks the body must compensate by changing proteins (muscle) and fats (adipose) into glucose. What is the name of this homeostatic process and what hormone stimulates this process? A. glycogenolysis stimulated by insulin B. glucohydro-attenuation stimulated by adrenalin C. gluconeogenesis stimulated by cortisol D. carbo-redemtion stimulated by cortisol.
- The hormone activating the glycogen synthase activity is a. Glucagon b. ACTH c. Epinephrine d. InsulinIn tests of Antabuse effectiveness, why are placebos so effective?A. Antabuse has no physiological effects.B. The chemicals used as placebos interact with liver enzymes.C. Antabuse is effective mainly by the threat of illness after drinking.D. Placebos tend to relieve pain.What does increased levels of thyroxine trigger? a. increase thyroxine through positive feedback b. increase thyroxine through negative feedback c. decrease thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) through negative feedback d. decrease thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) through positive feedback