The number of mammal species is regressed against several predictor variables. Based on the coefficient of determination (R2), which factor has the strongest relationship? O Termperature, R2 = 0.52 (p<0.01) Precipitation, R2 0.00 (p 0.73) PET, R2 0.54 (p<0.01) AET, R2 0.04 (p<0.01)
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- Crickets “chirp” by rubbing their wings or legs over each other. This phenomenon is known as stridulation. It is a means by which male crickets “call” to females to communicate their interest in mating. Frequency refers to the number of chirps that crickets produce during a period of time. Some have suggested that you can tell the temperature and the humidity based on how fast crickets chirp. Independent variable: Dependent variable: Controlled variables (at least 3): a. b. c Control Treatment:Population size Lower limit of tolerance Higher limit of tolerance No Few Few organisrms No organisms organisms Abundance of organisms organisms Zone of intolerance physiological stress Optimum range Zone of physiological intolerance stress Zone of Zone of Low Temperature High In this aquatic ecosystem, identify three other factors besides temperature that could be depicted on the x-axis of this graph. a. b. Consider one of the factors you listed above. Would the exact same individual fish be found in the zone of tolerance for temperature as they would for the factor you identified? Why or why not?How does increased atmospheric CO2 affect the ability of marine invertebrates to grow hard structures, such as the shells of mollusks or the skeleton of stony corrals? When exposed to high CO2, marine organisms no longer need hard shells and facultatively reduce their shells through phenotypic plasticity. CO2 reacts with water to produce lye. As a result, increased atmospheric CO2 causes an increased pH in the water preventing these animals from producing hard structures. CO2 reacts with water to produce carbonic acid. As a result, increased atmospheric CO2 causes a reduced pH in the water preventing these animals from producing hard structures. CO2 and other greenhouse gases cause increased heat energy to be maintained within the ocean. This increase in heat energy prevents shell formation in many marine animals. When exposed to high CO2, marine organisms no longer need hard shells and evolve through natural selection to grow reduced shells.
- The figure below illustrates the thermal performance curve for the intrinsic rate of increase (r) of an Aphid insect. Imagine you are studying a population that was historically exposed to 25C during the breeding season, yet climate-change predictions suggest that the population will be exposed to an average of 32C by the end of the 21st century. Select the changes below that you predict could at least partially mediate the consequences of climate change for population growth. Hint: First think about how the climate change described will and will not challenge homeostasis. Next, recall some of our earlier modules that talked about how animals can alter behavior, physiology, etc to maintain homeostasis. Select the answers that could allow the animals to maintain homeostasis given the scenario. a) Do nothing (i.e. no changes) b) Evolve a larger body size with smaller surface-area to volume ratio c) Disperse to lower elevation habitats d) Disperse to higher elevation habitats…Taking all factors into account, rank the following for likelihood of bioaccumulation: bald eagles, osprey, seals, and northern harriers.Co2 & Temperature (1964 to 2008) 400 0.7 390 0.6 380 0.5 370 0.4 360 - + 0.3 350 + 0.2 340 + 0.1 330 320 -0.1 Temperature - CO2 (ppm) 310 -0.2 300 -0.3 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 Summarize the trend between carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and global temperatures shown by this graph. (Hint- ignore the smaller changes from year to year and focus on the overall trend from 1964 to 2008) stv Aa MacBook Air 888 DII DD F3 F4 FS F6 F7 F8 F9 F11 # & * 3 4 5 8 9 E R Y D F G H J K CIY BIN M Global Temperature Anomaly (C) V (wdd) Z
- Below is the output of several different models that Caterpillar has built to predic next quarter sales. Model A (3): Weather, recent quarter sales, housing starts Model B (3): Interest rates, worldwide GDP, housing starts Model C (3): Weather, worldwide GDP, housing starts Which model is the optimal combination of explanatory variables a) A b) B (c) C Caterpillar predicting Next Quarter Sales d) D R² R² adj 0.56 0.69 0.59 0.58 0.58 0.57Mark Recapture can be written as M N = R Define each term. Use this equation to answer the following question. Show your work. A biologist for Mosaic fertilizer company catches 26 Florida scrub jays as part of their monthly environmental monitoring. Each bird is given a band. The next month, they catch 32 birds. 13 of the birds have bands. What is the estimated population size of the birds in that area?American crows (species 1) compete with Turkey Vultures (species 2) for carrion. Vultures are 4x as large as crows and eat 4x as much. They also can chase Crows away from carcasses. Therefore, one additional vulture in an area displaces four crows, but it takes 10 additional crows to displace one vulture. The competition coefficients are O alpha12 (imaging the greek alpha with subsript 12) = 10, alpha21 = 4 O alpha12 = 4, alpha21 = 10 O alpha12 = 4, alpha21 = 0.1 O alpha12 0.1, alpha21 = 4
- Consider the predator-prey model dN N cN P 6. dT K a + N dP b N P тР. dT a + N Analyze and discuss the effects of the parameter 0 on the occurrence of limit cycles for the above predator-prey model. Explain how resolve the biological control paradox. your results1. Based on the graph, determine the population of carabao in: i. 4 years: 2. Based on the graph, determine the population of carabao in: ii. 5 years:3. Based on the graph, determine the population of carabao in: iii. 6 years:4. What is the maximum carrying capacity of carabao in the given ecosystem? 5. How many years did it take for the carabao to reach its carrying capacity? Explain your answerA niche is loosely defined as an organism's role in its environment, which can include factors such as feeding preference, nesting behaviors, mating behaviors, method of obtaining prey, and local habitats. Keeping Gause's law in mind, do some research on the California red-legged frog and the North Pacific tree frog (use wiki or another Google search). Create a chart comparing the two with respect to their niche or lifestyle that can explain how these two frogs can co-exist in the same ecosystem.