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Genetic Variation
Genetic variation refers to the variation in the genome sequences between individual organisms of a species. Individual differences or population differences can both be referred to as genetic variations. It is primarily caused by mutation, but other factors such as genetic drift and sexual reproduction also play a major role.
Quantitative Genetics
Quantitative genetics is the part of genetics that deals with the continuous trait, where the expression of various genes influences the phenotypes. Thus genes are expressed together to produce a trait with continuous variability. This is unlike the classical traits or qualitative traits, where each trait is controlled by the expression of a single or very few genes to produce a discontinuous variation.
Can you please describe each of them separately and as much as you can in details
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- Activity 1 Write down the correct biological term for each of the following descriptions in the space provided. DESCRIPTION TERM 1.1 A cross involving a single characteristic 1.2 A cross involving two characteristics A representation that traces the transmission of a characteristic over many generations of a family Allele that influences the phenotype only when in the homozygous combination but not in the heterozygous condition 1.3 1.4 1.5 Allele that influences the phenotype whether in the homozygous or heterozygous combination 1.6 Alternative forms of a gene found at the same locus 1.7 Characteristics controlled by alleles of a gene that are located on the sex chromosomes Cross involving alleles of a gene that are equally dominant, leading to a third phenotype which is a combination of the other two phenotypes 1.8 1.9 Cross involving alleles that are neither dominant or recessive, leading to an intermediate phenotype 1.10 Cross involving characteristics controlled by dominant and…***18. Complete this flowchart to show how different alleles can result in different characteristics. In the DNA, different alleles of a gene have a different sequence of > different sequence of transcription > different sequence of in a protein translation > different structure and function of the protein (e.g. normal enzyme vs. defective enzyme) > different characteristics (e.g. normal color vs. albino) inPart 1 In potatoes, skin colour is determined by the interaction of the P and Y loci, each of which has two alleles. A dominant P allele together with a dominant Y allele (P_Y_) result in a brown skin, while a potato homozygous recessive at both loci has a green skin. All other genotypes produce a yellow skin colour. a) What is the genetic relationship between the two alleles at the P locus, and between the two loci that influence skin colour? b) You cross a PPYY plant is crossed with a PpYy plant. The cross produces 32 potatoes. How many of these would you expect to have a yellow skin?
- Part 1 In potatoes, skin colour is determined by the interaction of the P and Y loci, each of which has two alleles. A dominant P allele together with a dominant Y allele (P_Y_) result in a brown skin, while a potato homozygous recessive at both loci has a green skin. All other genotypes produce a yellow skin colour. a) What is the genetic relationship between the two alleles at the P locus, and between the two loci that influence skin colour? b) You cross a PPYY plant is crossed with a PpYy plant. The cross produces 32 potatoes. How many of these would you expect to have a yellow skin? Part 2 A male Drosophila with only seven chromosomes was discovered. The normal 2n number is eight. Close examination showed that one copy of the smallest chromosome (IV) had translocated to the end of one copy of chromosome II and was missing its centromere. This male is homozygous for normal eyes and is mated to a 2n = 8 female who isthomozygous for the chromosome IV recessive mutation eyeless. Among…Part 1: Consider three autosomal genes (E, F and G) present in a hypothetical species. The E allele results in male development, the e allele results in female development while the heterozygote develops as a hermaphroditic, sterile individual. The genes at the F and G loci show complete dominance, with the dominant alleles producing long tails (F) and black whiskers (G), while the recessive alleles produce short tails and grey whiskers, respectively. You cross a male with a short tail and black whiskers with a female that has a long tail and black whiskers. All the F1 individuals recovered have long tails, with some having black whiskers and others having grey whiskers. a) What is the sexual phenotype of the F1 offspring? ... b) Another batch of five offspring are expected from the same parents. What is the probability of the first offspring having a long tail and black whiskers?Use the picture below to answer the questions that follow. A ∞ SE Which of letters indicate: 1) identical molecules of DNA [Select] B 2) similar molecules of DNA, can have different alleles [Select] 3) the result of S phase [Select] 4) Do the two chromosomes (red and blue) have the same genes? [Select]
- Describe five different scenarios where a change in DNA sequence would result in a phenotypic change at the organismal (human) level.II Pause The diagram below is a pedigree showing the inheritance pattern of a disease in a family. II Legend affected female unaffected female affected male unaffected male What is the probability that one of the daughter's children will have the disease if she has children with a male who is an unaffected carrier of the gene? O A. 0% O B. 100% O C. 75% O D. 50%Describe one of the reasons why the garden pea was an excellent choice of model system for studying inheritance.
- Give an example of a trait that may have evolved as a result of the handicap principle and explain your reasoning.List and briefly describe the three processes that lead to variation in offspring with the same parents.A form of dwarfism known as Ellis–van Creveld syndrome was first discovered in the late 1930s, when Richard Ellis and Simon van Creveld shared a train compartment on the way to a pediatrics meeting. In the course of conversation, they discovered that they each had a patient with this syndrome. They published a description of the syndrome in 1940. Affected individuals have a short-limbed form of dwarfism and often have defects of the lips and teeth, and polydactyly (extra fingers). The largest pedigree for the condition was reported in an Old Order Amish population in eastern Pennsylvania by Victor McKusick and his colleagues (1964). In that community, about 5 per 1000 births are affected, and in the population of 8000, the observed frequency is 2 per 1000. All affected individuals have unaffected parents, and all affected cases can trace their ancestry to Samuel King and his wife, who arrived in the area in 1774. It is known that neither King nor his wife was affected with the…