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Evolution is a continuously occurring natural process that involves a genotypic or phenotypic change in a population allowing the survival of a species in nature.
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- 12. Which can bring new traits to a population and why? 1. natural selection - because it increases the frequency of adaptive alleles in a population over time 2. natural selection and mutation because both increase the frequency of adaptive alleles in a population over time 3. mutation - because it increases the frequency of adaptive alleles in a population over time 4. natural selection and mutation because both make new alleles 5. natural selection - because it makes new alleles 6. mutation - because it makes new alleles1. Why do you think it is necessary for there to be variation in a population in order for evolution by natural selection to occur? 2. Why is it necessary for traits to be inherited for evolution to take place? 3. If a population is already well adapted to its environment, will most mutations be helpful or harmful? Explain.1.Describe the ways that gene number or gene position on a chromosome, might be altered? What implications might that have on evolution? 2.What are the conditions that must be met for a population to stay in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? What happens if these conditions are not met? 3.What type of selection would most likely benefit heterozygous individuals and which will result in a population losing alleles: directional, disruptive, or stabilizing? Explain. 4.How might frequency dependent selection and the heterozygote advantage help maintain multiple alleles in a population? 5.Describe the theory of evolution by natural selection. Include terms like "excess reproduction, genetically distinct offspring, changing allele frequencies, and adaptive traits".
- 1. Explain how a phenotype can increase, decrease, or have no effect on an organisms fitness. 2. Explain what would happen if a particular hair color suddenly gave an advantage under existing environmental conditions. 3. What components in an environment may be different on either side of the barrier? 4. What does the term "reproductive isolation" refer to? 5. Can you hypothesize how three organisms can have similar structures, yet they serve different functions? 6. It would seem that wisdom teeth no longer serve a purpose. Can you propose what purpose they served earlier in our evolution? 7. Explain why the pharyngeal slit becomes the Eustachian tube in humans and a gill in fish.1. Definitions of phenotype, genotype, allele, gene, microevolution, macroevolution 2. Know that in humans, most of the genetic variation is observed within populations, and know why that is. 3. Know the 4 processes of evolution (3 neutral + natural selection) 4. Know that evolution isn't progressive and doesn't necessarily lead to more complexity 5. Know that evolution can lead to traits that decrease survival (ex: sexual selection)1.) Natural Selection: Of the three genotypes (AA, Aa, and aa), which of the three genotypes will be selected for under the current conditions? In other words, which of the three genotypes will increase in frequency? What if medical science were able to hold off the effects of AIDS for indefinite periods of time so that it became common for people with AIDS to live long enough and well enough to have children. What would this do to the frequency of the resistance allele and the incidence of AIDS? Support your answer. 2.) Even though anti-HIV drugs may prevent evolution towards resistance, can you justify not using anti-HIV drugs if they are available? Your response should consider scientific and ethical perspectives.
- 22. The graph shows the distribution of a trait in an animal population. mean Range of variable If the species were to undergo stabilizing selection in which extreme phenotypes were selected against, how would the graph be expected to change? A. The peak would move to the left. B. The peak would move to the right. C. The peak would become taller and narrower. D. The peak would become lower and more rounded. EducationTM Inc. Aouenber6. Interpreting Data The figure below shows the frequency of foot phenotypes in a population of blue-footed boobies. What is the frequency of the w allele in this population? a) 0.2 b) 0.4 Phenotypes c) 0.5 Genotypes ww Ww ww d) 0.6 Number of animals (total = 500) 320 160 20 © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 7. Interpreting Data The figure below shows the frequency of foot phenotypes in a population of blue-footed boobies. What is the expected frequency of the WW genotype in this population assuming the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? (Hint: The frequency of W is 0.5 and the frequency of w is 0.5.) a) 0.20 Phenotypes b) 0.25 c) 0.40 Genotypes ww Ww w d) 0.50 Number of animals (total = 500) 320 160 20 © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. 8. Interpreting Data The figure below shows the frequency of foot phenotypes in a population of blue-footed boobies. Is this population in Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium? а) yes b) no Phenotypes Genotypes Ww ww Number of animals 320 160 20 (total =…1. Fitness is, most correctly, a technical term. What does it mean? What two things do you suppose govern the rate of evolution by natural selection? Explain how Darwinian evolution can decrease and increase the frequency of an allele (or a more complex heritable trait, for that matter).
- 4. In a population under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of organisms possessing the recessive trait is 0.36.What is the frequency of heterozygotes in this population? 0.16 0.24 0.36 0.48 5. An unknown substance has been determined to have the following characteristics: (1) soluble in water; (2) contains significant amounts of nitrogen; and (3) does NOT contain significant amounts of phosphorus.Which type of biomolecule describes the unknown substance? Nucleic acid Protein Lipid Carbohydrate 6. Which chromosomal disorder occurs as a result of having more or less chromosomes than the wild type? Jacobsen syndrome Fragile X syndrome Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Klinefelter syndrome 7. Terrestrial organisms exchange gas with air instead of water.Which terrestrial organism uses lungs to respire? Land snails Roundworms Spiders Insects1. What happened to observed allele frequencies in each population? (only answer this question number 1, below is a data) Data: a. observed frequency of alleles of F1 population without natural selection: A=0.43 a=0.57 b.observed frequency of alleles of F2 population without natural selection: A=0.52 a=0.48 c. observed frequency of alleles of F1 population with natural selection: A=0.69 a=0.31 d. observed frequency of alleles of F2 population with natural selection: A=0.62 a=0.382. What is the role of variation in evolution – if heterozygosity is reduced, what happens to the potential for evolution? The phenotype (and genotype) of a population is due to a "mosaic" of random and directed processes. Some of these have to do with history; some are related to adaptation, etc. As completely as possible, discuss the role of chance and direction in evolution and in determining the phenotype of a population.
