System X has 3 identical components in series while System Y has 3 identical components in parallel. What is the individual reliability of each component if the reliability of System Y is twice the reliability of System X? Answer in decimal number, with up to four places.
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- 7. Describe the direct connection, series and parallel methods of measurements using Q-meters? Why and how do we use these methods, explain in brief.b) A fault occurs at bus 4 of the network shown in Figure Q3. Pre-fault nodal voltages throughout the network are of 1 p.u. and the impedance of the electric arc is neglected. Sequence impedance parameters of the generator, transmission lines, and transformer are given in Figure Q3, where X and Y are the last two digits of your student number. V₁ = 120° p.u. V₂ = 120° p.u. jX(1) j0.1Y p.u. jX2)= j0.1Y p.u. jXko) j0.1X p.u. - 0 jX(1) = j0.2 p.u. 1JX(2) = 0.2 p.u. 2 jX1(0) = j0.25 p.u. jX2(1) j0.2 p.u. V₁=1/0° p.u. jX(2(2) = j0.2Y p.u. jX2(0) = j0.3X p.u. = V₂ = 120° p.u. jXT(1) j0.1X p.u. jXT(2) j0.1X p.u. JX3(1) j0.1Y p.u. JX3(2)=j0.1Y p.u. jXT(0) j0.1X p.u. JX3(0)=j0.15 p.u. 0- = 3 = Figure Q3. Circuit for problem 3b). For example, if your student number is c1700123, then: jXa(n) = j0.13 p. u., jXa(z) = j0.13 p. u., and jXa(o) = j0.12 p. u. 4 (i) Assuming a balanced excitation, draw the positive, negative and zero sequence Thévenin equivalent circuits as seen from bus 4. (ii)…Equipment ratings for the four-bus power system shown in Figure 2 are as follows: Generator 1: 500 MVA, 13.8 kV, X" = 0.20 pu Generator 2: 750 MVA, 18 kV. X" = 0.18 pu Generator 3: 1000 MVA, 20 kV. X" = 0.17 pu Transformer Tl: 500 MVA, 13.8/500 kV, X = 0.12 pU Transformer T2: 750 MVA, 18/500 kV. X = 0.10 pu Transformer T3: 1000 MVA. 20/500 kV. X = 0.10 pU A three-phase short circuit occurs at bus 1, where the prefault voltage is 525 kV. Prefault current is neglected. Use 1000 MVA, 20 kV base in the zone of generator 3. By Thevenin's and Superposition approach, determine the following: a) subtransient fault current in amperes b) contributions to the fault current from the generators in amperes c) voltage at bus 2 during fault in kV
- The figure below shows the one-line diagram of a four- bus power system. The voltages, the scheduled real power and reactive powers, and the reactances of transmission lines are marked at this one line diagram (The voltages and reactances are in PU referred to 100 MW base. The active power P2 in MW is the last three digits (from right) of your registration number (i.e for the student that has a registration number 202112396, P2 =396). [10] Starting from an estimated voltage at bus 2, bus 3, and bus 4 equals V2 (0) = 1.15<0°, V3 = 1.15 < 0°, V4 1.1< 0°. 1- Specify the type of each bus and known & unknown quantities at each bus. 2- Find the elements of the second row of the admittance matrix (i.e. [Y21 Y22 Y23 Y24]). 3- Using Gauss-Siedal fınd the voltage at bus 2 after the first iteration. 4- Using Newton-Raphson, calculate: |- The value of real power (P2), at bus 2 after the first iteration. Il- The second element in the first row of the Jacobian matrix after the first iteration. 2 P2…b) A fault occurs at bus 2 of the network shown in Figure Q3. Pre-fault nodal voltages throughout the network are of 1 p.u. and the impedance of the electric arc is neglected. Sequence impedance parameters of the generator, transmission lines, and transformer are given in Figure Q3, where X and Y are the last two digits of your student number. JX20 /0.1X p.u. jXa2) 0.1X p.u. JX20 j0.2Y p.u. V,= 120° p.u. V, 120° p.u. V, 120° p.u. jX4-70.2X p.u. jX2 j0.2X p.u. jX o 0.2Y p.u. jXncay J0.25 p.u. jXna J0.25 p.u. 3 jXno0.3 p.u. jXTu) /0.2Y p.u. jXra j0.2Y p.u. - j0.2Y p.u. Xp-10.1X p.u. jXa j0.1X p.u. jXp0)- j0.05 p.u. 0 Figure Q3. Circuit for problem 3b). For example, if your student number is c1700123, then: jXac1) = j0.22 p.u., jXac2) = j0.22 p.u., and jXaco) = j0.23 p. u. X-2 Y=8 (iv) Determine the short-circuit fault current for the case when a phase-to- phase fault occurs at bus 2.Q2 A three-phase power system is shown in Figure Q2. The data for this system is given in Table Q2. The pre-fault load current and A-Y transformer phase shift are neglected. (a) Draw all the sequence network using a 250 MYA, 275 kV based in the transmission line zone. Write the values of all the parameters on the sequence network. (b) Compute the subtransient fault current at Bus 4 for a line to line to ground fault (DLG). (c) Discuss the answer in part (b) if the neutral of the generator is not grounded. Bus 2 TI Bus I Line I (GI Bus 3 T2 Line 2 AY Line 3 G2 Тз Bus 4 YA Line 4 G3 AY Figure Q2 Table Q2 Voltage Ground impedance Network |Component Generator, G1 Generator, G2 Generator, G3 Transformer TI MVA X2 X, rating rating (kV) (pu) (pu) (pu) ZN (pu) 250 13.8 0.40 0.40 0.10 j0.023 200 20 0.40 0.15 0.10 j0.26 250 13.8 0.40 0.40 0.10 j0.31 250 13.8A/275Y 0.10 0.10 0.10 Transformer T2 Transformer T3 300 20Δ/275Y 0.08 0.08 0.08 350 13.8A/275Y 0.10 0.10 0.10 Each line X, = X; = X, = 200 2
- 16. The total voltage in a series-parallel circuit is __________ equal to the sum of the voltage drops across each resistor in the circuit. distributed across each branch in the circuit. determined by the product-over-sum method. equal to the voltage drop of the parallel branch. Which of the following statement is true both for a series and a parallel DC circuit? powers are additive voltages are additive currents are additive elements have individual currents Electric power is the ________ same as electric pressure. total number of electrons flowing in a circuit. number of electrons passing a given point in one second. rate of using or producing electric energy. A battery produces a current of 0.6 A when the external resistance is 2 ? and 0.2 A when the external resistance is 12 ?. Find the emf of the battery 3 V 6 V 9 V 12 VTransmission and distribution lines are important components of any power system study. Aluminium cable steel reinforced (ACSR) (with steel in the centre – as shown in Figure Q1 is normally chosen instead of copper for transmission Explain: (a)The choice of aluminium instead of copper (b)The need to use and place steel at the core11. Describe the operation of a vector impedance meter with the help of a block diagram. Explain the function of each block.
- A Moving to another question will save this response. Question 4 In case of N-R method of power flow solution at the generator bus one column and one row will be neglected because of Constant voltage,Unspecified active power Constant voltage,Unspecified reactive power Constant voltage angle,Unspecified real power Constant voltage angle,Unspecified reactive power A Moving to another question will save this response.b) A fault occurs at bus 3 of the network shown in Figure Q4. Pre-fault nodal voltages throughout the network are of 1 p.u. and the impedance of the electric arc is neglected. Sequence impedance parameters of the generator, transmission lines, transformer and load are given in Figure Q4. V₁ = 120° p.u. V₂ = 120° p.u. V₂ = 1/0° p.u. V₂= 120° p.u. jXj0.1 p.u. JX2) 0.1 p.u. jX0j0.15 p.u. jXn-j0.2 p.u. 1 JX(2)-j0.2 p.u. 2 jX)=j0.25 p.u. JX20-10.15 p.u. jXa(z)-j0.2 p.u. 4 jX2(0)=j0.2 p.u. jXT(1) j0.1 p.u. jXT(2)=j0.15 p.u. jXT(0)=j0.1 p.u. Figure Q4. Circuit for problem 4b). = jXj0.1 p.u. j0.1 p.u. - JX(2) JXL(0) 10.1 p.u. = (i) Assuming a balanced excitation, draw the positive, negative and zero sequence Thévenin equivalent circuits as seen from bus 3. (ii) Determine the positive sequence fault current for the case when a three- phase-to-ground fault occurs at bus 3 of the network. (iii) Determine the short-circuit fault current for the case when a one-phase- to-ground fault occurs at bus…Q-5-) 60 Hz generator supplies 0.50 Pmax power to a busbar with infinite power over a conveying line. When a fault occurs, the reactance value between the generator and the infinite bus becomes 400% times the value before the fault. When the fault is isolated, the maximum power that can be transferred generator to the endless bus is 75% of the original (initial) maximum value. Accordingly, using t area criterion method, calculate the critical clearance angle of the system. 00