NameShort Answer:Alcohol dehydrogenase catalyzes the oxidation of an alcohol to the next higheststate of oxidation, an aldehyde. How does this partially explain the toxicity of methanol?Page 5 of 5Most organisms use D-glucose as a primary metabolic fuel. Predict what would happen ifonly L-glucose were available.How can an enzyme produce a chiral product from a nonchiral or prochiral substrate?How can the water bound to a metal ion cofactor contribute to catalysis?Explain the advantage for an enzyme to strongly bind the transition state structureof the reaction it catalyzes.Give an explanation for the inability of a zymogen to catalyze a reaction.Why must an enzyme be returned to its original state at the conclusion of a reaction?How is it possible to determine the structure of an enzyme-substrate complex by X-raycrystallography when the reaction is over so quickly and the X-ray analysis takes at leastseveral minutes?

Methanol (CH3OH) is a toxic alcohol that is found in various household and industrial agents. The…

Answered: Short Answer: Page 5 of 5 Alcohol…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Consider the following mechanism: What kind of reaction is occurring during this step of glycolysis? What metabolite is in Box 1? What metabolite is in Box 2? What metabolite is in Box 3? What enzyme catalyzes this reaction? Circle and label one place on the mechanism where covalent catalysis is occurring. Suggest an amino acid that could fill the role of residue “A” in the mechanism above and draw its structure at pH 7.4. Suggest an amino acid that could fill the role of residue “B” in the mechanism above and draw its structure at pH 7.4. Under standard conditions, this reaction is unfavorable (DG¢° = 23.8 kJ/mol). What conditions in the cell allow for the actual free energy change to be lower (DG » 0), making the reaction readily reversible? Explain your answer. *please help and explain as well as you can*
Draw the Catabolism of triacylglycerols- beta-oxidation Pathway and identify different types of organic reaction mechanisms. Make sure to draw the structures of each biomolecule included in the pathway. Identify at most 5 organic reactions in the metabolic pathway.
Consider the following metabolic pathway and answer the questions. CHOPO, CHOPO, H-C-OH CHOH он OH HO-C-H H-C-OH H-C-OH H-C-OH H -OH a. Give the two principal metabolic functions of this pathway CHO CHOH H--OH b. Write the number of the reaction HO-C H--OH CHOPO, that is an oxidative decarboxylation. H-C-OH c dentify the products of reaction 8 by name or by structure. CH,OH HO-H d. Identify a reaction that uses CHO thiamine pyrophosphate as a cofactor H-C-OH H-C-OH H-C-OH e Identify a reaction that involves the hydrolysis of an ester. H -OH CHOPO CHO CHOH H-C-CH -OH Name the products of reaction 6. HO-C-H H-C-OH H-C-OH CHOPO
Draw the Gluconeogenesis pathway (pyruvate to glucose) and identify the different types of organic reaction mechanisms. Make sure to draw the structures of each biomolecule included in the pathway. Identify at most 5 organic reactions in the metabolic pathway.
Draw the Glycolysis (from glucose to two molecules of pyruvate) pathway and identify the different types of organic reaction mechanisms. Make sure to draw the structures of each biomolecule included in the pathway. Identify at most 5 organic reactions in the metabolic pathway.
Draw the catalytic mechanism of the reaction catalyzed by glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH). In this reaction, which amino acid acts as a nucleophile? Which compound is oxidized andwhich is reduced? Which product is referred to as a “high-energy compound” and why?
A(n) _________ reaction converts glycylalanine to glycine and alanine. This reaction requires __________. Blank 1 options- Oxidation-reduction Hydrolysis Isomerization Group transfer Internal rearrangement Blank 2 options- H2O and apeptidase or a protease H2O and a phosphatase ADP and a phosphatase NAD+ and a peptidase or a protease
Why do enzymes contain metals? What general reaction types to metalloenzymes catalyze?
Many metabolites are maintained at steady-state concentrations that are far from equilibrium. A comparison of Kéq and Q, the mass-action ratio, can determine whether a metabolic reaction is far from equilibrium. The equation for this equilibrium is, fructose 6-phosphate + ATP = fructose 1,6-bisphosphate + ADP Calculate Kg for this reaction at T = 25.0 °C. Ka 1.8 x10-6 AG' = -14.2 kJ/mol Incorrect Calculate the mass-action ratio, Q, from the approximate physiological concentrations for rat heart tissue shown in the table. Metabolite Concentration (µM) Q = 3 fructose 6-phosphate 81.0 fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 15.0 Incorrect ATP 12,500 ADP 1,340
In Bacillus subtilis, threonine is metabolized by the following sequence of reactions: (a) oxidation; (b) decarboxylation;(c) transamination; and (d) oxidation to produce pyruvate. Outline this sequence of steps, show the structures of thesubstances, use abbreviations for the cofactors, and show any enzyme-bound coenzymes. What type of enzyme bound intermediate is likely for reaction (d)?
Identify different types of organic reaction mechanims in the followingmetabolic pathways.1. Catabolism of triacylglycerols- beta-oxidation pathway2. Biosynthesis of fatty acids from Acetyl CoA3. Glycolysis (from glucose to two molecules of pyruvate)
In the Enzyme Commission database system, an enzyme with the designation 4.3.2.1 would catalyze which reaction below? Select one: O a. The conversion of an alcohol to an aldehyde O b. The conversion of an alcohol to a phosphate O c. The conversion of an alcohol to an ether o d. The conversion of an alcohol to an alkene A buffer molecule is protonated at pH 9. Adding this buffer to a reaction greatly increases the rate of reaction at pH 9.0. What is true about the reaction? Select one: O a. The buffer is a specific base Ob. It is catalyzed by acid OC. It is catalyzed by base o d. The buffer is a specific acid

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