Model 5, continued... 36. As electrons are passed down the ETC, from one member to the next, small amounts of energy are released. a. In addition to electrons, what other particles does the ETC cause to move, and where does it move them to? b. According to Model 5, is the movement that you described in the previous question a form of passive or active transport? 37. At the moment in time depicted in Model 5, there is an imbalance in the proton (hydrogen ion) concentration across the inner mitochondrial membrane. a. What do we call a difference in concentration of a substance across space (or in this case, on either side of a membrane)? b. In which direction would these protons spontaneously diffuse? c. Can these ions use simple diffusion to cross this membrane? Explain. d. What role does ATP synthase play in the diffusion of these protons? e. A good deal of energy is released when these protons diffuse down their gradient. What type of work is this energy used to accomplish?

Model 5, continued... 36. As electrons are passed down the ETC, from one member to the next, small amounts of energy are released. a. In addition to electrons, what other particles does the ETC cause to move, and where does it move them to? b. According to Model 5, is the movement that you described in the previous question a form of passive or active transport? 37. At the moment in time depicted in Model 5, there is an imbalance in the proton (hydrogen ion) concentration across the inner mitochondrial membrane. a. What do we call a difference in concentration of a substance across space (or in this case, on either side of a membrane)? b. In which direction would these protons spontaneously diffuse? c. Can these ions use simple diffusion to cross this membrane? Explain. d. What role does ATP synthase play in the diffusion of these protons? e. A good deal of energy is released when these protons diffuse down their gradient. What type of work is this energy used to accomplish?

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter7: The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1SQE

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