In the following food chain, what biomass of phytoplankton will have been required to produce a 1 kg of big fish? Assume a typical figure for ecological efficiency. Phytoplankton eaten by Zooplankton eaten by Small fish eaten by Big fish A. 10 kg B. 10000 kg (10 metric tons) C. 100000 kg (100 metric tons) D. 100 kg E. 1000 kg (1 metric ton)
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In the following food chain, what biomass of phytoplankton will have been required to produce a 1 kg of big fish? Assume a typical figure for ecological efficiency. Phytoplankton eaten by Zooplankton eaten by Small fish eaten by Big fish
- A. 10 kg
- B. 10000 kg (10 metric tons)
- C. 100000 kg (100 metric tons)
- D. 100 kg
- E. 1000 kg (1 metric ton)
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- The data shows the energy available per individual in the food chain illustrated in the diagram. 1.80- 1.60 1.40 1.20 1.00 0.80- 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.00 C D Organism Which trophic level represents the grass? A В energy/individual (J)A pyramid of biomass shows the mass of all of the organisms in each trophic level of an ecosystem . Look at the biomass pyramid to the right . Based on the data shown , how many kilograms of plant matter would be needed to support the other trophic levels in this ecosystem ?If 10,000 kilocalories (kcal) of energy were contained in the primary producers (trophic level 1; the bottom of the food pyramid), on average how many kcal of energy would you expect to be transferred to second-order consumers (trophic level 3)? Select one: a. 10 kcal × b. 1 kcal c. 10,000 kcal d. 1,000 kcal е. 100 kcal O O O
- You are designing an artificial ecosystem. Which of the following things should you do if you want to mimic a real ecosystem? All below refer to what you should do AFTER the ecosystem is started (i.e. NOT what you need to do at the start but what you need to do to keep it going). 1. Input energy regularly 2. Allow heat to escape 3. Remove matter regularly 4. Add matter regularly Group of answer choices a. 3, 4 b. 1. 4 c. 1, 2 d. 2, 3Energy transferred from one trophic level to the next in an ecosystem is measured in calories, numbers, and in biomass. If a rangeland has a biomass of 100, 000g/m2 from the grass, how much biomass will be available in human beings who eat the cow that eat that grass?This conceptual model to the right shows the flow of energy through a spring ecosystem in Silver Springs, Florida from Figure 46.8 in your textbook. 7a. Which value/number on this diagram represents gross primary productivity (GPP)? Express using the units kcal/m?/yr. Sunlight 1,700,000 kcalim?lyr Primary producers 13,187 20,810 7,618 4,250 Primary consumers 7b. Which value/number represents net primary productivity (NPP)? Express using the units kcal/m?/yr. 2,265 3,368 1,103 720 Secondary consumers 272 383 111 90 7c. What accounts for the difference in GPP and NPP? Tertiary consumers 16 21 5 Decomposers 7d. What is the efficiency of energy transfer between the primary producers and the primary consumers? Is this more or less efficient than the transfer between a 5,060 5,060 Total heat and respiration 20,810 secondary consumer and tertiary consumer? Explain. respiration + heat to decomposers
- EcosystemA hasprimary production of 1000 g C /m2/yr and ecological efficiency of 10%. Ecosystem B has primary production of 300 g C /m2/yr and an ecological efficiency of 25%. a.Which ecosystem will have more production at thesecondary consumer (carnivore) trophic level? b.Which ecosystem is more likely to support an endothermic primary consumer (herbivore)? c.If atrophic level requires at least 1 gC/m2/yr in order to exist, how many trophic levels can each of these ecosystems support?d.Given your answer to part c, which do you thinkhas a larger impact on the energy available at upper trophic levels: primary productivity or efficiency of energy movement across trophic levels?Answer the questions below based on the Active Reading above: 1. Organisms need to live and to survive. 2. What do limiting factors do? a. Separate biotic factors from abiotic factors. b. Determine which is the predator and which is the prey. €. Regulate how many organisms live in an ecosystem. d. Determine which natural disasters will hit an area. 3. Which of the following are abiotic limiting factors? a. The decomposers in an ecosystem. b. The populations of producers in a given habitat. c. Carrying capacities of several species. d. Water, space, and oxygen. 4. Which of the following is a biotic limiting factor? a. The amount of breathable oxygen available to a population. b. Food available for organisms lw ast C. The nitrogen to oxygen ratio in the air supply. d. The number of bodies of water in a habitat. 5. In biology, what is carrying-capacity? a. The maximum population size an ecosystem can support. b. A total list of the limiting factors. C. How much weight an organism can…AP Environmental Science Primary Productivity Problems Net Primary Productivity efficiency can be calculated for terrestrial producers when values for insolation energy, respiration loss and gross productivity are known. Use the equations below to answer the following problems: Net Primary Productivity = Gross Productivity – Respiration Loss Efficiency = . NPP . X 100 Insolation Energy In a rice paddy in Southeast Asia, the insolation energy is 6,000,000 calories/m2/day. The gross productivity of the rice is 0.012 grams/cm2/day, and the respiration loss is 20 percent. One gram of rice is equivalent to 1000 calories. Calculate the net primary productivity of the rice. Find the efficiency of photosynthesis by the rice. Could you mostly help me set it up and find it? So I can learn how to do it.
- Hypothetical balanced food chain. Sun and Earth supply 6 units of energy to each plant. For higher tropic levels, individuals consume 2 units of energy each before passing the remainder to the next trophic level. The number of individuals in each trophic level is given below. Complete the table below by computing for the number of energy units in each column. Trophic Levels No. Individuals in Each Trophic Level No. of Units Received from Trophic Level Above No. Units Used / Individual (Resp) No. Units Used in Trophic Level No. Units Remaining & Passed on to Next Trophic Level Mean No. Units Available per Individual in Trophic Level SUN +E = 6 1) Plants 30 180 2 2) Grasshopper 19 2 3) Frog 12 2 4) Snake 8 2 5) Owl 4 2Interpreting Data In a classic study, John Teal measured energy flow in a salt marsh ecosystem. The table below shows some of his results. Form of energy Kcal/m?/yr Efficiency of energy transfer (%) Sunlight 600,000 n/a Chemical energy in producers Chemical energy in primary consumers 6,585 81 Data from: J. M. Teal, Energy Flow in the Salt Marsh Ecosystem of Georgia. Ecology 43: 614-24 (1962). a. Calculate the efficiency of energy transfer by the producers. That is, what percentage of the energy in sunlight was converted into chemical energy and incorporated into plant biomass? b. Calculate the efficiency of energy transfer by the primary consumers. What percentage of the energy in plant biomass was incorporated into the bodies of the primary consumers? What became of the rest of the energy? c. How much energy is available for secondary consumers? Based on the efficiency of energy transfer by primary consumers, estimate how much energy will be available to tertiary consumers. d. Draw a…The total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level is called the: O A. Biomass O B. Energy mass C. Organic mass O D. Trophic mass