If we denote directly proportional with "D" and inversely proportional with "I", the best answer for the relationship between the amount of toxicant excreted by kidney and the following parameters (tubular reabsorption-urine output-ionized portion of toxicant-volume of distribution-protein binding) will be O I-I-I-D-D O I-D-D-I-I O D-D-I-I-I O D-I-D-D-D
Q: Given the following: Glomerular capillary osmotic pressure = 30 mm Hg Glomerular capillary blood…
A: Net filtration pressure is the total pressure that acts across the glomerular capillaries to promote…
Q: which of the following correctly shows the order in which the filtrate moves through the structures…
A: The kidneys are bean-shaped organs that are located against the back muscles in the upper abdominal…
Q: Choose the most appropriate answer. Potassium excretion is regulated by... Multiple Choice 1.…
A: Urine formation process includes different steps such as glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption…
Q: ... Which of the following GAG is responsible for the charge selectiveness of the renal glomerular…
A: Glycosaminoglycans, also known as mucopolysaccharides are negatively charged polysaccharide…
Q: Given: Substance M is an ion found in the blood plasma and urine. Which of the following statements…
A: The excretory framework is a natural framework that eliminates overabundance, superfluous materials…
Q: Which of the following does not contribute to the high salt concentration in the interstitial fluid…
A: The kidney is an important organ of the excretory system and the nephron is the basic structural…
Q: Number the following structures to indicate their respective positions in the blood pathway within…
A: Step 1 Kidneys are the pair of dark brown or reddish-brown, bean-shaped metanephric structures. They…
Q: Which of the following is true about the filtrate as it travels through the tubule? O A. as the…
A: The concentration of a solution is called osmolarity. A solution contains two elements: Solute and…
Q: What constituent of urine tends to precipitate in acidic urine? h. What substance precipitates when…
A: Urin: Urin is a liquid waste material formed as a result of kidney filtration in various organisms.…
Q: would damage to the renal capillaries resulting in an increase in protein filtration and urinary…
A: Hello. Since you have posted multiple questions and not specified which question needs to be solved,…
Q: Generally, what types of molecules and in which direction (from blood to tubules or tubules to…
A: The mechanism of urine formation includes- 1. Glomeruluar filtration 2. Tubular reabsorption 3.…
Q: Which type of nephron (juxtamedullary or cortical) does this setup appear to approximate? Hint: pay…
A: Juxtamedullary nephron concentrate or dilute urine. Cortical nephron perform excretory and…
Q: Which of the following is a component of the renal response to metabolicacidosis?a. reabsorption of…
A: Animal physiology is the systematic study of the supporting features, roles, and processes of…
Q: Which of the following sequences gives the correct order for urine formation? Group of answer…
A: The transparent yellowish, acidic fluid, with a characteristic pungent odour, that contains the…
Q: foods or substances that can change the volume of a normal urine?
A: Urine is a liquid by-product of metabolism in many animals and in humans. The path of urine flow is…
Q: True or false sodium potassium and chloride are filtered out of the blood into the renal tubular…
A: Kidneys are two bean-shaped organs,each about the size of a fist.Following are the functions of…
Q: Why is this statement false? Without the renal medullar osmotic gradient, you would not be able to…
A: The main function of the nephrons of the Kidneys to form urine which is primarily made up of urea.…
Q: When blood starts to become too acidic, the kidneys respond by a.) decreasing filtration rate and…
A: Since we only answer 1 question in case of multiple question, we’ll answer the first question as the…
Q: Explain why the differential permeability of specific sections of the renal tubule is necessary to…
A: The Kidney is one of the major organs of excretion present in the body. The basic unit of the…
Q: Considering the equation for renal clearance: UV C = C =F, if the concentration of a substance in 4.…
A: The basic unit of the bean-shaped organ called the kidney is the nephron. It is the organ of the…
Q: Define the ff. (own words) Volume of distribution Biliary recycling Excretion Protein binding…
A: All the given terms are important concepts in the the pharmacokinetic field that deals with the…
Q: Label the components of the human urinary system in the following illustration.
A: Step 1 The human excretory or urinary system is made up of organs concerned with separation (from…
Q: Which of the following statements regarding kidney function is not correct? Regulates blood pH…
A: The kidneys are part of the excretory system in the body, the kidneys work to filter and excrete…
Q: Explain what happens to urine flow rate, specific gravity and urinary excretion of chloride in each…
A: The intake is isotonic which means the osmolarity of the intake fluid is the same as the osmolarity…
Q: Identify the two buffer systems in the tubular fluid that carry excess hydrogen ions into the urine…
A: The nephrons are microscopic structures and are the structural unit of the kidney that are…
Q: Fred was diagnosed 6 months ago with liver cancer. His liver is no longer able to make the…
A: Glomerulus is the small capillaries which carries blood to bowman capsule.
Q: Choose from the following: (A) 1 and 2 (B) 2 and 3 (C) 1 and 3 (D) 1, 2, and 3 (E) 3 only (F) 4…
A: Answers The arrow is showing the peritubular cappillariest these are the blood vessels. Which has a…
Q: From the previous question, In which section of the kidney tubules does this potassium movement…
A: The main function of the kidney involves the filtration of blood. It contains millions of nephrons…
Q: В X.S. Indicate the type of nephridium shown in the figure above_ Name the labeled structures A…
A: nephridium are function similarly to a vertebrate kidney it is present is non chordates such as…
Q: Harry is doing yard work one hot summer day and refuses to drink anything until he is finished. He…
A: Sweat is secreted by sweat glands. Sweating is a mechanism used by the human body to regulate body…
Q: From the previous question, In which section of the kidney tubules does this phosphorus movement…
A: In the body phosphate is present in three ionic forms: H2PO4-, HPO42- and PO43-. Phosphate together…
Q: The medullary osmotic gradient exists between: Select one: The glomerulus and the Bowman’s…
A: There are two types of nephrons in kidneys namely superficial cortical nephrons and juxtamedullary…
Q: Which row below indicates a MISMATCH between the processes and the functions of the kidney? Row…
A: In the renal system, the kidneys are two organ in the renal system that have a bean appearance. Each…
Q: The table below shows the quantities of water and urea passing through P and Q in a period of 24…
A: The kidneys are bean-shaped organs present behind the belly. They are present in pairs. The main…
Q: Describe how each of the following works to regulate reabsorption and secretion, so as to affect…
A: The renal function of the kidney to filter the blood of metabolic waste products involves three…
Q: If substance T is present in the urine, does this prove that it is filterable in the glomerulus?…
A: Filtration at glomerulus is determined by the permeability of Filtration membrane.Filtration…
Q: Which one of the following urine biomarkers is NOT matched with proteinuria type? a. Beta2…
A: Protein is an important factor that is essential for the living organism. The genetic material…
Q: Given: Inulin is freely filtered in the glomerulus and not secreted nor reabsorbed in any…
A: The kidney function is determined by measuring the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). GFR is the…
Q: The largest possible amount of a substance that can be reabsorbed or secreted across a kidney tubule…
A: Tubular reabsorption is the filtration of fluid through the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule which is…
Q: define renal clearance and explain how this value summarizes the way a substance is handled by the…
A: The organ system in a body that functions to excrete the waste out of the body is termed as the…
Q: functions of the following renal components: filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.
A: KIDNEYS:- In humans, the system of excretion comprise of:- 1) 1 pair of ureters 2) 1 pair of kidneys…
Q: Using the space below, DRAW a simple diagram of the nephron loop and the vasa recta capillaries.…
A: Blood flows into the kidney through the renal artery. The renal artery is large blood vessel which…
Q: What happens during tubular reabsorption? Which part of the renal tubule is primarily involved in…
A: Tubular reabsorption is associated with re-entering of water, glucose, potassium and amino acids…
Q: Morphine, taken for severe pain, causes a decrease in the amount of urine produced, regardless of…
A: ADH - Antidiuretic hormone. 9 amino acid-long peptide. ADH is also known as Arginine vasopressin.…
Q: Pressure in the renal artery is 100 mm Hg and the pressure in the renal vein is 50 mm Hg. The…
A: Pressure in the glomerulus is characterized by the difference of pressure between the afferent and…
Q: In healthy adult ,the initial filtrate in kidney is about what?
A: Kidney is the excretory organ that removes waste products and excessive water from the body through…
Q: Is this following statement correct? In the kidney, vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole…
A: Afferent arteriole and efferent arterioles are the parts of nephron which is the structural and…
Q: describe what is going on during the urine formation step of reabsorption of water. include how…
A: Ans- The formation of urine takes place in the following way: Glomerular Filtration: This happens in…
Q: The high osmolarity of the renal medulla is maintained by which of the following? O Active transport…
A: The high osmolarity of the renal medulla is maintained by which of the following? 1. Option A is…
Q: Which of the following correctly describes the path of fluid flow in the kidney?
A: The filtrate after filtration in the bowman's capsule present in the cortical part of a nephron of…
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps
- elo urine production and decreasing blood volume and pressure. Show this process by adding ARROWS to the diagram below: ing om be vol VERY HIGH 21s bo blood volume or pressure insgovm ndt molgoluduT ortt right Filtration rate and urine production increased blood volume / pressure leJe restored! noitns Atrial (heart) wall stretches (eealyeoM CLOunst A915 00shuae nous o Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP; hormone) released HICH PIOOG P. boc br noitsu bis bl sts ob sansb slussM (ofo soio) wol taa lo eleval TOO slunsig Learateg Granular cells Mesangial cells relax & glomerulus expands inaieltA (eno eloio) otni ewolt bo aulunemoig Stop Stop releasing contracting - afferent arteriole renin iun expands 2bonegno 2sione ns) anoiti noo JAEUMU 1ebaUTab. 2. Morphological changes in the case of damage to the epithelial cells of the renal tubules (H&E micropreparations and electronograms) I. Normal epithelium of renal tubules Mark the corresponding elements in all the pictures: 1 - lumen of renal tubules 2 - nephrocyte nuclei 3- cytoplasm of nephrocytes 4- eosinophilia of the cytoplasm of nephrocytes 5- granules in the cytoplasm of nephrocytes II. Describe the morphological changes: III. Describe the morphological changes:YOU ARE A STUDENT NURSE ON DUTY AT THE EMERGENCYROOM. MR. PEDRO, 50-YEAR-OLD, CAME IN WITH CHIEFCOMPLAINTS OF DIZZINESS. HE CLAIMED THAT HE HASBEEN VOMITING AND HAS HAD DIARRHEA FOR 2 DAYS.YOU ASSESSED HIS PHYSIOLOGIC STATUS AND NOTESTHAT HIS MUSCLES ARE WEAK,HIS ABDOMEN IS DISTENDED, AND BOWEL SOUNDS ARE ABSENT. A. WHAT ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE DO YOU SUSPECT? B. WHAT IS THE NORMAL RANGE FOR THIS ELECTROLYTE? C. WITH THIS TYPE OF ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE, WHAT OTHER SYMPTOMS CAN THIS PATIENT HAVE EXHIBITED?
- A 2-year-old child, admitted to hospital following diarrhoea and vomiting, had the fol- lowing results on analysis of plasma, 24 hours after admission (reference ranges are given in brackets): Sodium (135-145) Potassium (3.5-5.0) Urea (3.5-6.6) Creatinine (70-150) Osmolality (285-305) The urine sodium concentration was 55 mmol/L and its osmolality was 314 mOsm/kg. Comment on these results. 151 mmol/L 3.7 mmol/L 4.9 mmol/L 65 μmol/L 314 mOsm/kgTable 3. Serum creatinine values at admission and after 12h Admission +12h SCR(mg/dL) 1.55 1.42 Using the “MDRD” (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease) equation for estimating glomerularfiltration, provided below, and the data available in the above table, calculate the patient's (a 34 year old white male) estimated glomerularfiltration rate (eGFR) at admission and 12h after admission.MDRD GFR Equation (mL/min/1.73 m2)= 175 × (Scr)-1.154 × (Age)-0.203 × (0.742 if female) × (1.212 if African American)Based on your calculated values, state whether LF’s function is normal or abnormal?Previous research suggests that patients with asthma have an increased risk for chronic kidneydisease, but the mechanisms underlying this increased risk are poorly understood. Propose one potential mechanism by which asthma might impair kidney function, and discuss how this dysfunction may impair thebody’s ability to respond to respiratory alkalosis"Flurazepam, Zaleplon, Zolpidem"- Among these drugs, are dose adjustment require in moderate to severe hepatic impairment or renal impairment? Please answer at your own easy words.
- 35. The starting point (X) on the graph represents a person who had been drinking water ad libitum. Which of the following lettered arrows indicates the change that will occur 60 minutes after drinking 1 L of distilled water? OA) 1200- Urine osmolality mOsm/Kg H₂O 900- 600- 300- A E B) B -2 2 D C 4 6 Urine flow rate mL/min C) 8 O D) 10 E)How are CFU (colony forming units) calculated in urine? (Hint/comment: what is the volume in urine cultures)24) Male,22 years old, found swelling of both lower extremities and eyelids for more than 4 months. PE: BP145/90 mmHg, urine protein++,urine red blood cells++/HP. The diagnosis is most likely() A Acute nephritis B Chronic Nephritis C Nephrotic syndrome D Rapidly progressive nephritis E Hypertensive nephropathy
- Answer the following questions based on research: a. What is the normal specific gravity of urine? b. What is the significance of specific gravity in urine? Indicate the normal range of total solids in urine. c. What substances are responsible for the normal color of urine? d. What happens when urine is allowed to stand for some time, exposed to air? e. What is the normal reaction of urine when freshly voided (acidic, basic, neutral)? To what substancesis this reaction due to? f. What happens when urine is allowed to stand without a preservative? Why? g. What constituent of urine tends to precipitate in acidic urine? h. What substance precipitates when urine is alkaline?Given the changed levels of H+, would you expect more or less acidic urine?The client's arterial blood gas ABG ) results show an increase in pH greater than7.45 , Which condition is most likely contribute to this laboratory value A Renal failure B HyperventilationC ketosisD diarrhoea.