Identify the two buffer systems in the tubular fluid that carry excess hydrogen ions into the urine and prevent the pH from dropping too low.
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Identify the two buffer systems in the tubular fluid that carry excess hydrogen ions into the urine and prevent the pH from dropping too low.
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- Describe the three processes involved in urine formation: filtration, secretion and reabsorption. Discuss the formula: E = F – R + S.Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a condition where the action of antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) is inhibited. If normal urine concentration is 300 mOsm/L, what would you expect the urine concentration to be of a patient with DI?which blood pH would cause the kidneys specifically the collecting ducts to excrete bicarbonate (HCO3-) into the blood? note: this works through the carbonic acid bicarbonate buffer system. Basic, acidic, or neutral.
- What is the most important urinary buffer of H+?A physician calls the laboratory and asks what lab tests should be requested to assess the acid-base balance function of a patient's renal system. You reply: 1) Serum rennin and erythropoietin 2) Serum creatinine, serum urea, serum uric acid, and creatinine clearance 3) Serum bilirubin (conjugated and total), urine urobilinogen 4) Serum bicarbonate and blood pH no references, just homeworkCalculate net filtration pressure given the following values: glomerular hydrostatic pressure = 50 mm Hg, blood colloid osmotic pressure = 25 mm Hg, capsular hydrostatic pressure = 20 Hg.
- One type of diuretic given to people with high blood pressure, renal disease and congestive heart failure are thiazide-type diuretics. These drugs inhibit sodium ion reabsorption by inhibiting the transport in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle. A) What does it mean to inhibit the transport of sodium ions in the loop of Henle? B) Explain how this inhibition of sodium ions in the loop of Henle could help increase urine production.The three physiological buffer systems are urinary, digestive, and respiratory. TRUE or FALSEExplain why exercise increases the urea concentration in urine.
- 1. 3 of the following are true of the Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System (RAAS) A. The JG cells are located at the distal collecting tubule B. The Juxtaglomerular cells (JG cells) are modified smooth muscles in the afferent arteriole C. The Macula densa detects osmolality of the filtrate D. The Macula densa is made up of tall columnar cells 2. 2 of the following are true of the RAAS responding to a decrease in Na in the filtrate A. Macula densa detects the decrease in osmolality B. JG cells are stimulated by Macula densa through tight junctions C. Aldosterone stimulates principal cells of collecting tubule to reabsorb water D. Aldosterone reabsorbs Na and by osmotic forces increase fluid in the extracellular compartment 3. 2 of the following are true of the loop of Henle A. Descending thick limb is also called the pars recta of the proximal tubule B. The function of the descending thick limb is similar to the distal convoluted tubule C. Cells of the descending thin limb are very…Severe diarrhea is one of the most causes of death in young children. One of the principal effects of diarrhea is the excretion of large quantities of sodium bicarbonate. In which direction does the bicarbonate buffer system shift under this circumstance? What is the resulting condition called?Describe two ways that the kidneys regulate blood pH.
