Dippers (Cinclus cinclus) are small birds that can be found along fast-flowing streams in Europe and Asia. They feed on insect larvae, especially those of caddis flies (Trichoptera), which they catch by sticking their heads under water and turning over stones. Describe
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Population Growth
R and K Selection
R and K selection are concepts in ecology used to describe traits in the fluctuation of a population or population dynamics. For example, they describe the life-association traits between parent and offspring, such as quantity or number of young ones born at a time, quality of parental care, the age to maturity, and reproductive effort.
Dippers (Cinclus cinclus) are small birds that can be found along fast-flowing streams in Europe and Asia. They feed on insect larvae, especially those of caddis flies (Trichoptera), which they catch by sticking their heads under water and turning over stones.
Describe the relationship between the abundance of caddis fly larvae and dippers?Why, is caddis fly larva abundance expressed as ‘relative abundance’? using the data in Table 2
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- Honey bee workers from a colony in North Carolina are visiting two food sites, A and B, at 6 am as shown below. Site A is 1500 m from the hive; site B is 300 m from the hive. While most of the foragers are out in the field, a sudden downpour strikes which drowns many of the bees outside the hive. As a result, there is a shortage of foragers in the nest at a time when much food is available in the field. Which of the following can you correctly predict will happen: a. The loss of foragers will cause increased activity of the Gp9 gene in some of the bees inside the nest, which will decrease their JH levels, causing them to revert to nursing behavior and raise more brood to quickly replace the lost foragers. b. The loss of foragers will result in decreased transfer of ethyl oleate to the younger bees, which will cause JH titers in some of the younger bees to increase and they will become precocious foragers. c. The loss of contact with older bees will cause increased Amfor and…What is often true of a population of organisms with a type Il suvivorship curve? they produce few offspirng and invest more energy in each offspring they produce more offspring and invest little energy in each they have low death rates during early life stages they are equally likely to die at any age11.0 G. fortis 10.0- 1978 1976 9.0F 8.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 Midparent bill depth (mm) Geospiza is a genus of finches that inhabit the Galapagos Islands. In 1976, finches were grouped together based on the average depth of their bills. The data from the first generation of grouped finches are plotted on the X-axis. The bill depths of the offspring from each group are plotted on the Y-axis. In 1978, the experiment was repeated after a drought on the Galapagos Islands. The red line represents the data from 1976 and the blue line represents the data from 1978. The slope of both the red line is 0.90 and the slope of the blue line is 0.90. Was there any change in the heritability of the bill depth trait after the drought? Explain your reasoning. Offspring bill depth (mm)
- What would it mean if apredator removal experiment yielded theopposite results from those shown in Figure 54.5—that is, numbersof surviving moths increased where predators were not removed?What if we were able to restore some critical salmon habitat, like the forests surrounding the spawning streams? To test this restoration, increase K to 40,000 fish. What would that do to the MSY value? [ Select ] Does this mean you would be able to harvest more or less fish? [ Select ]Why might medium ground finch population responses to short-term episodic increases in rainfall differ from their responses to increases in rainfall lasting for years or decades?
- In the graph, what is the carrying capacity of the deer in this particular environment?Based on these graphs, and assuming head raises of European finches helps watch for predators but also has a trade-off with eating, select the statements that these graphs support. Total head raises of entire flock per minute (a) 28 24 20 16 12 8 4 4 5 Flock size 0 1 2 3 6 Individual head raises per minute (b) 12 10 8 N T 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Flock size Time to husk a seed (seconds) As the flock size increases, individuals have less access to food 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 1 C 01 2 3 4 5 6 Flock size O The larger the size of the flock, the smaller the fitness of each individual As the flock size increases, individuals are able to eat more quickly The graphs support the hypothesis that there is no tradeoff at the individual level between watching for predators and husking seeds When groups are larger, individuals can spend less time watching for predators, but as a group they have spend more. The graphs support the hypothesis that there is a tradeoff at the individual level between watching for…DOTa species The pesticide DDT was widely used in the 1940s as a method of insect control. In the late 1950s the first DDT-resistant mosquitoes were discovered, and eventually DDT-resistant mosquitoes were found globally. When DDT is used now, the development of DDT resistance in mosquito populations occurs in months rather than years.Which of the following best explains the observations concerning DDT resistance in mosquitoes? * The proportion of DDT-resistant mosquitoes in a population remains constant due to the metabolic costs of DDT utilization DDT is a chemical signal that delays normal reproductive cycles in many mosquito populations. Natural selection favors DDT-resistant mosquitoes that are already present in a population when DDT exposure occurs. Competition for limited resources causes mosquitoes to migrate to geographical areas that have richer supplies of DDT. A population of 1,492 finches is introduced to a rainforest. Over the next year, the finches showa death rate of…
- Table 1: The density of dippers (Cinclus cinclus) per km of upper stream length in 18 rivers across Great Britain: the pH of stream water also shown as too their individual territory lengths (km). Data collected with the assistance of the British Trust for Ornithology in May 2001. Draw a graph showing the relationship between dipper density and stream pH. Label the axes and provide a figure legend.In a habitat there are 7,500 individuals of P. rufipes, 40% of which have long and thin ovipositors and 60% have short and thick ovipositors. During a single year 250 wasps with long and thin ovipositors died while 325 were born. In that same year, 650 wasps with short, thick ovipositors were born and 800 died. Calculate the per capita growth rate (r) of the two subpopulations of P. rufipes. Per capita growth rate of P. rufipes with long and thin ovipositors: _________ Per capita growth rate of P. rufipes with short and thin ovipositors: _________Interpret the following graphs: In the graphs, the number of days are 18.. 1 day is equal to 60 sec. For the first graph, days are taken on x-axis. The mean foraging times are taken on y-axis. For the 2nd graph, percentage of prey caught during first half of winter(1-6days) were taken on x-axis and percentage of prey caught during 2nd half of winter(7-12days) were taken on y-axis.