(c) Compare the differences between oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation by redrawing (if necessary) and completing the table given below: Table 1: Comparison of oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation Oxidative phosphorylation Photophosphorylation Organelle Source of electrons Final electron acceptor Source of energy Role of ATP
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- Sonicating a suspension of mitochondria produces submitochondrial particles derived from the innermitochondrial membrane. These membranous vesicles seal inside out, so that the intermembrane space of themitochondria becomes the lumen of the submitochondrial particle. Explain (or diagram) the process of electrontransfer and oxidative phosphorylation in these particles. Assuming all the substrates for oxidativephosphorylation are present in excess, does ATP synthesis increase or decrease with an increase in the pH ofthe fluid in which the submitochondrial particles are suspended? Why?electron transport chain The primary function of the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation is which of the following? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. To transport electrons from ATP to ADP, and synthesize acetyl CoA molecules To oxidize the reduced coenzymes NADH and FADH2, and provide energy for the synthesis of ATP To synthesize the reduced coenzymes necessary for digestion To provide electrons and energy for the phosphorylation of ATPa.Write the balanced reactions catalyzed by complex I, II, III, and 1V, and using these, write the balanced net reaction for the electron transport chain. Structures are not necessary. b. Write the balanced reaction for the ATP synthase reaction. c. Write the net reaction for Oxidative phosphorylation showing the ATP produced from NADH oxidation and FADH2 oxidation. (this is in your text) d. Write the balanced reaction for ATP production by aerobic metabolism starting with glucose.
- Using a generalized terminology (i.e. neither CIII nor CIV specific), explain how complex III and IV act as electron/proton charge separation device (not a proton pump) in mitochondria bioenergetics to create electron potential through the iner mitochondria membraneCalculate the total ATP produced in the catabolism of glucose. Follow the table provided below. If NADH = 3 ATP, If NADH = 2.5 АТР, FADH, 1.5 FADH, = 2 ATP ATP Glycolysis Pyruvate shuttle Krebs cycle ETC TOTAL If NADH = 3 ATP, If NADH = 2.5 %3D FADH2 = 2 ATP ATP, FADH2 = 1.5 ATP Alcohol Fermentation Lactic acid fermentationDescribe redox reactions involved in the three steps of aerobic cellular respiration under the following topics: 1. Description of the two coenzymes NAD and FAD and link them to each enzyme in glycolysis; pyruvate oxidation and citric acid cycle using the backpack analogy that I described in class. (20%) 2. Describe energy harvesting of the electrons and hydrogens carried by the coenzymes in the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis using the battery analogy I described in class. (20%) 3. Describe the steps of DNA replication in bacteria as shown in our slides emphasizing the need for the Okazaki fragments (20%) 4. Describe RNA transcription emphasizing the two strands of DNA and the orientation of mRNA (20%) 5. Describe mRNA translation emphasizing the role of ribosomes and tRNA for two amino acids (20%)
- Describe the chemiosmotic coupling mechanism. Draw a simple picture illustrating this mechanism and how ATP is synthesized in mitochondria. Label the components.Give all the reactions that will produce ATP either by substrate-level phosphorylation (SLP) or by oxidative phosphorylation (OP). If the given require a shuttle system, please indicate both MA shuttle and GP shuttle and give the ATP produced. Given: glucose 6-phosphate to 2succinly CoAElectrons carried via NADH Electrons carried via NADH and FADH ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN AND OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION GLYCOLYSIS Glucose Pyruvate KREBS CYCLE Cytosol Mitochondrion ATF ynthase ATP ATP ATP Substrate-level phosphorylation Substrate-level phosphorylation Oxidative phosphorylation Copyng C Pearson Eaucaton e p ng RL Elergamen Cummmgs Figure 5. The Process of Cellular Respiration Explain the major events of the celluar respiration based on the given diagram.
- Matching (Letters may be used twice) DD DDD DD Where is the electron transport chain located? Where does the Krebs cycle occur? What membrane do protons cross in the synthesis of ATP? Where does glycolysis occur? Where does the oxidation of pyruvate occur? Where does the most substrate level phosphorylation occur? Where is most NADH oxidized to NAD+? What membrane does glucose have to cross? 1. Cell membrane 2. nucleus 3. intermembrane space 4. mitochondrial matrix 5. chloroplast 6. cytoplasm 7. outer mitochondrial membrane 8. inner mitochondrial membraneCHO CHO CH,OH HO- H Phosphorogluco- isomerase Phosphofructo- kinase Hexokinase но H. но -H- но H- HO- АТР ADP H- HO- -HO- OH H- OH H- OH Via H- -HO- ATP ADP CH2OH CH,OPO,2 ČH,OPO,2 Но nin Glucose A B CH,OPO,2- CH2OPO, Fructose Fo D CH2OH Но H- biphosphate H- HO. HPO,2 / NAD+ / Triose aldolase OH Glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate dehydrogenase phosphate isomerase CH,OPO,2 Via OPO,2 сно HOH E CH,OPO, H- OH LOH CH,OPO, For CH,OPO,2 G COPO,2 он H3C HO. Pyruvic AcidConsider 41 NADH and 19 FADH2 molecules funneling electrons into the electron transport chain coupled to oxldative phosphorylation 1. The total number of protons (H") pumped during the oxidation of 41 NADH molecules is 2. The total number of protons (H) pumped during the oxidation of 19 FADH, molecules is 3. The number of ATP molecules produced from the oxidation of 41 NADH molecules is 4. The number of ATP molecules produced from the oxidation of 19 FADH, molecules is 5. The net ATP yield from the oxidation of 41 NADH and 19 FADH, molecules is