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- Virology :Explain how the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) affects the diversity and genome size of RNA viruses .Virology: Give one key characteristics for each of the viral replication period and the inflammation period.Use this knowledge to explain what type of treatment you might recommend for someone on the first day of symptoms versus 21 days after symptoms onset?FILL-IN-THE-BLANK. Write the word or two that best completes each statement or answers the question. 38) Which of the three asexual spore formation methods fungi most closely resembles the formation of bacterial endospores? 39) When a virally infected cell continuously secretes new virions (a process alled budding), the new viral particles are likely to take some of the host cell membrane with them, and are then described as being viruses. 40) Bacterial capsules are generally in which category of virulence factor? 41) Which type of cell (Be specific please) would likely display a Toll-like receptor on its surface, because it is the #1 most active phagocytic cell? 42) Which type of cell does gamma interferon stimulate, to enhance phagocytosis? 43) Name one of the cardinal signs of inflammation triggered by activated complement proteins. 44) Professional antigen-presenting cells (APCS) include B cells, macrophages, and ? 45) Rearranging the letters in your linstructor's last name, with…
- Part B - Viral Classification: The Baltimore Scheme The Baltimore classification scheme is based on the relationship between the virus' genome and its mRNA. For the following choices, indicate which viruses would fall into each classification: 1) require reverse transcriptase to copy the information in their own genome to DNA; 2) can replicate and be transcribed in the same manner as the cell's own genetic material; and 3) a replicative form of DNA must be produced and is used for both replication and transcription. Drag and drop choices to the bins they describe. double-stranded DNA viruses Requires reverse transcriptase double-stranded RNA viruses retroviruses double-stranded DNA viruses that have an RNA intermediate Functions similarly to cell's own genetic material plus-strand RNA viruses minus-strand RNA viruses Reset Help plus-strand DNA viruses Uses a replicative form of DNAYou are studying a new retrovirus. The viral protein (X) appears to play a role in the export of the viral genomes to the cytoplasm. Protein X brings viral DNA to the cytoplasm and returns back to the nucleus after genome export is complete. Researchers have developed a new drug for the virus. Following treatment with the new drug, the viral protein stays in the nucleus and cannot export the viral genomes. What is the most plausible and logical function of the drug? Use your knowledge of nuclear transport to answer this question. O A. The drug inhibits the binding of the viral protein and the viral genomes to the import receptor. B. The drug inhibits the binding of Ran-GTP to the nuclear export receptor in nucleus. C. The drug promotes the Ran GAP activity. D. The drug blocks the NLS on the viral protein.Virology: Describe two differences for making genomic and messager RNAs between Polio Virus and vesicular Stomatitis Virus .
- Which statement is true of viroids? They are single-stranded RNA particles They reproduce only outside of the cell They produce proteins They affect both plants and animals.One of the first and most important targets for drugs to fight infection with HIV (a retrovirus) is the reverse transcriptase enzyme. Why?The first electron micrograph of a virus (tobacco mosaic virus) was produced in 1939. Before that time, how did scientists know that viruses existed if they could not see them? (Hint: Early scientists called viruses “filterable agents.”)
- VIRUS DNA- Capsid- I. II. HOST CELL Viral DNA MRNA M Capsid proteins Viral DNA IV. Viral reproductive cycle What mediates the assembly when new viruses are being assembled at the point marked IV in the diagram? assembly proteins coded for by the viral genes no mediator is required; the new viruses self-assemble host cell chaperones assembly proteins coded for by the host nucleus 00Viruses: a. Describe the structure and composition of viruses. What are three reasons that they are different from cellular organisms? b. Describe what a lysogenic bacteriophage is and how it is different from a lytic bacteriophage. c. Describe what is similar and different about the lifecycle of a non-enveloped DNA animal virus compared to an enveloped animal retrovirus.. EVOLUTION CONNECTION The success of some viruses lies intheir ability to evolve rapidly within the host. Such viruses evadethe host’s defenses by mutating and producing many alteredprogeny viruses before the body can mount an attack. Thus, theviruses present late in infection differ from those that initiallyinfected the body. Discuss this as an example of evolution inmicrocosm. Which viral lineages tend to predominate?