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- Development of type 2 DM is characterised by:A. Overwhelming secretion of β-cells in Langerhans isletsB. Overwhelming secretion of α-cells in Langerhans isletsC. Increased insulin sensitivityD. Decreased glucose level in plasmaE. HypercortisolismDefine the following terms:a. second messengerb. desensitizationc. target celld. insulin resistancee. adenylate cyclaseInsulin should be prescribed under all of the following circumstances, except:A. Status post pancreatectomyB. Type 2 diabetes with diabetic foot syndrome C. Type 1 diabetesD. Gestational diabetesE. Type 2 diabetes
- A.Where are melanocyte stimulating hormone made? (cells, organ) B.What organ/or cells secrete them? (may differ from site of formation) C.What stimulates their secretion? Explain negative feedback control of secretion. D.Where do they work (target) E.What do they regulate: physiological outcome?Match the following. Place letter answer in space provided at left. Answers may be used more than once or not at all 1. A second messenger A. ADH 2. chemical needed to convert glucose to ATP B. Antagonistic 3. chemicals that exert effects on the same cells that secrete them C. autocrines 4. Effect of an increase in one hormone causing a decrease in another D. Calcitonin 5. Effect of an increase in one hormone causing an increase in another E. Corpus luteum 6. Effect where hormones are released via nerve fibers F. DAG 7. Hormone responsible for the deposition of calcium G. FSH 8. hormone types that has direct gene activation H. Glycogen 9. Hypophyseal hormone released in response to low sugar levels I. HGH 10. Identify generically the first messenger J. Hormone 11. Identify the enzyme involved in PIP calcium signaling K. Liver 12. identify the hypothalamic hormone that regulates serum water levels L. Neuronal 13. identify the hypothalamic hormone that aids in milk ejection M. None of…After sepsis 27-year-old patient has bronze color of the skin which typical for Addison disease. Mechanism of hyper pigmentation is based on increasing of hormone secretion. What hormone is up-regulated? a. Somatotropic b. thyreotropic c. B lipotropic d. Gonadotropic e. Melanostimulating
- In the pathogenesis of hypothyroidism which of the following is not correct?A. Low levels of antithyroid antibodiesB. Autoimmune process in thyroid glandC. Decrease in thyroid hormone synthesisD. Inadequate secretion of thyrotropinE. Peripheral resistance to effect of thyroid hormonesInsulin is obligatory in the following states, except:A. Light course of type 2 diabetes mellitusB. Pregnancy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus C. Lactation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitusD. Ketoacidosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitusE. Surgery in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitusInsulin therapy has all of the following effects, except:A. Increases concentration of free fatty acids in blood plasma B. Stimulates glucose uptake by tissuesC. Inhibits lipolysisD. Activates protein synthesis
- Discuss the aetiology and pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In your answer, make clear the term ‘insulin resistance’ by providing an example to illustrate your understanding of this occurrence. Determine whether the C-peptide test would be useful in diagnosing type 2 diabetesOne of the indications for prescribing nateglinide is:A. Depletion of pancreatic beta-cellsB. Significant postprandial hyperglycemiaC. Tendency to develop lactic acidosisD. Resistance to sulfonylureasE. Insulin resistanceWhich assertion is true for long acting insulin?A. Acts 24-30 hoursB. Peak of action on 24 hourC. Include Sol. Insulin ActrapidD. Is not recommended for short-term treatmentE. Begins its action in 30 min.