Discuss the aetiology and pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In your answer, make clear the term ‘insulin resistance’ by providing an example to illustrate your understanding of this occurrence. Determine whether the C-peptide test would be useful in diagnosing type 2 diabetes
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Discuss the aetiology and pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In your answer, make clear the term ‘insulin resistance’ by providing an example to illustrate your understanding of this occurrence. Determine whether the C-peptide test would be useful in diagnosing type 2 diabetes
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- In addition to symptoms of diabetes, all the following are criteria recommended by the American Diabetes Association for use in the diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus EXCEPT: O Random plasma glucose concentration > 180 mg/dL. O Fasting plasma glucose > 126 mg/dL. O 2-Hour glucose > 200 mg/dL during a 2 hour post prandial glucose test O Hemoglobin A1C > 6.5%In the initial stages of the disease, type 2 diabetes is treated with Metformin only, and insulin is not needed. In later years, insulin treatment is often needed. Please help explain the progression of the disease, describing the initial role of Metformin as a drug, and the eventual need for insulin.Which of the following best describes the role of the hexosamine pathway in the pathogenesis of the chronic complications of diabetes mellitus? Question 79 options: a) It involves irreversible binding of glucose to proteins, lipids and nucleic acids which damages components of the microcirculation leading to retinopathy, etc. b) It promotes the O-linked glycosylation of proteins and transcription factors, resulting in altered gene expression contributing to insulin resistance & cardiovascular complications c) It promotes the synthesis of DAG which increases pro-inflammatory gene expression and endothelial ET-1 production resulting in blood flow abnormalities d) It leads to intracellular accumulation of osmotically active sorbitol and fructose which damages Schwann cells, erythrocytes and the lens of the eye
- Type- 2 diabetes mellitus is: 1.both a secondary pathology and usually the result of inappropriate hormone secretion 2.both a secondary pathology and usually the result of abnormal target cell responsiveness 3.usually the result of inappropriate hormone secretion 4.a secondary pathology 5.usually the result of abnormal target cell responsivenessThe symptoms of Cushing’s disease include abdominal obesity, hypertension, glucose intolerance (steroid diabetes), hirsutism, osteoporosis, polyuria, and polydipsia. Describe the consequences of cortisol excess that would produce each of these symptoms. Which tests can be performed to determine if a patient has primary or secondary Cushing’s disease? What would the results of these tests be for each type of disease?Identify the possible etiologies (causes) of Diabetes mellitus. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY A. Reduced effects of insulin on cells of the body B. Increased digestion of carbs in the pancreas C. Pregnancy D. Loss of insulin production by the pancreas.
- There are several complications of diabetes that can include ophthalmic, neurologic, vascular, and renal complications. Instructions Choose an example from these types of complications. Explain the combination that you picked and the type of diabetes you chose to code. If you knew that previous versions of ICD required the medical coder to pick a complication first and then separately code what the complication was, then how do you feel combination codes have changed this?Following the revised diagnosis at age 17, she received additional treatment. How does thistreatment, and her response to it, strengthen the evidence that this patient really hadcharacteristics of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus? Explain your answer.Discuss the relationship between diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. What dietary measures can be taken to decrease the risks associated with the two disease processes in a patient who has been diagnosed with both?
- Diabetes insipidus has been identified in two males. One person did not have the condition until he had a stroke. The other had lived with the condition his whole life, and despite the existence of normal ADH receptors, it had never reacted to exogenous ADH. What might be the cause of the two men's diabetes insipidus? Provide your references.Discuss the pathology of a condition in which glucose regulation (in the blood and/or urine) presents problems for patients. What causes this condition? How is glucose monitoring accomplished, and how is it indicative of the patient's level of proper biological function? Explain on a cellular level how this glucose imbalance arises. Also, explain the science behind the monitoring technique. Most importantly, what measures can be taken by patients to correct for this glucose imbalance in the long term? Why do these measures work?Complete the following statements about diabetes. Not all choices will be used.