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- b. High concentration of NADPH increases the rate of the pentose phosphate pathway by stimulating glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. i. True ii. FalseMatch the appropriate terms to their definitions TCA cycle or tricarboxylic acid Choose.. cycle Choose. aerobic the pathway in which glucose is metabolized to lactate in the muscle, lactate is converted back to glucose in the liver, and then glucose is returned to the muscle the making of glucose from a noncarbohydrate source such as amino acids or glycerol requiring oxygen anaerobic the metabolic breakdown of glucose to pyruvate not requiring oxygen. a series of metabolic reactions that break down molecules of acetyl CoA to carbon dioxide and hydrogen atoms Cori cycle Choose.. glycolysis Choose... gluconeogenesis Choose...5:42 * 0 00 ..l *491| 35% O Activity No. 2... Activity No. 2.4 Glycolysis (Week 2) Name: Section: Directions: Fill in the blanks for the questions related to the glycolytic pathway. Glucose АТР Step 1. -1 ATP ADP Glucose-6-phosphate Step 2. Fructose-6-phosphate ATP -1 ATP Step 3. PFK ADP Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate Step 4. DHAP G3P Step 5. GẶP NAD' GŽP NAD NADH+H Pi Pi- Step 6. NADH+H° Questions: 1. Which two reactions of glycolysis requires an investment of ATP energy, and which enzyme catalyzes each reactiomn? Step No. Enyzme Step No. Enzyme 2. Which two reactions of glycolysis generate energy in the form of ATP, and which enzyme catalyzes each reaction?
- Answer the following questions below: 1. Individuals with a thiamine-deficient diet have relatively high levels of pyruvate in their blood. Explain in biochemical terms. 2. How would a riboflavin deficiency affect the functioning of the citric acid cycle? Explain your answer.Describe the role of ethanol in cellular energy supply, the metabolism of ethanol (alcohol), the regulation of its metabolism and the disease conditions associated with its metabolism especially - hypoglycemia, ketoacidosis, hepatic steatosis, Vitamin deficiency, and acetaldehyde toxicity (you should feel free to discuss other diseases that are directly related to ethanol metabolism).A. What would happen in the Krebs cycle with the loss of activity of phosphoglycerate kinase? What would happen in glycolysis? 10. What happens to glycolysis with the addition of high amounts of citrate? What happens to ETS? 11. What happens in the Krebs cycle with a block in fumerase? 12.If an amino acid enters the Krebs cycle at the acetyl CoA entry point, how much more ATP is being made than if it enters at a keto-glutarate?
- Indicate what will happen (increase, decrease or no effect) to the activity of enzyme or rate of the metabolic pathway given the following conditions: 1. release of glucagon in the blood to the activity of carnitine acyl transferase 1 2. phosphorylation of acetyl CoA carboxylase 3. low [carbon dioxide]/[oxygen gas] ratio to the oxygenase activity of RuBisCOPlease answer as many as possible 1. Substrate regulation of glycolysis and citric acid cycle (fructose-2,6-bisphosphate, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, ADP, AMP-positive effectors of glycolysis enzymes; ATP, citrate, NADH, acetyl-CoA-negative effectors of glycolysis enzymes; ADP, AMP-positive effectors of citric acid cycle enzymes; ATP, NADH-negative effectors of citric acid cycle enzymes). 2. The role of the liver in the regulation of glucose concentration. 3. Hormonal regulation of glucose metabolism (the influence of epinephrine, glucagon, glucocorticoids, ACTH, STH, the central role of insulin in regulation of glucose metabolism). 4. Peculiarities of carbohydrate metabolism in the liver and muscles. 5. Peculiarities of carbohydrate metabolism in tumor cells.A. Identify different types of organic reaction mechanims in the followingmetabolic pathways.1. Catabolism of triacylglycerols- beta-oxidation pathway2. Biosynthesis of fatty acids from Acetyl CoA3. Glycolysis (from glucose to two molecules of pyruvate)4. Conversion of Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA5.Citric acid cycle6. Gluconeogensis pathway (pyruvate to glucose) B. Identify at most 5 organic reactions for each metabolic pathway.
- Study Figure 19.18 and decide which of the following statements is false. Pyruvate dehydrogenase is inhibited by· NIADH. Pyruvate dehydrogenase is inhibited by AΤΡ. Citrate synthase is inhibited by NADH. Succinyl-CoA activates citrate synthase. Acetyl-CoA activates pyruvate carboxylase.In 3-4 sentences, briefly explain how lactate is formed, the biological effect of lactate, and explain the biochemical process and path for conversion of lactate. 3. The hormones glucagon, epinephrine, and insulin, can regulate blood glucose levels to protect the brain. For each one provide a short explanation as to whether it raises or lowers glucose how it does this, and indicate whether it is metabolic or catabolic.Indicate whether the following sentences is True or False ? 1. The lactate plasma levels are usually lower than pyruvate levels
