All of the following elements are involved in the signaling cascade that promotes glycogen breakdown EXCEPT: O yclic AMP dependent protein kinase A. Adenyl Cyclase Phospholipase C-y. Glycogen Phosphorylase Glycogen Phosphorylase Kinase
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- Question 6 Roughly of the circulating thyroid hormone in the blood stream is T3, even though 90% of what is synthesized by the thyroid gland is T4. The activity of which protein contributes to the high level of free T3 in the bloodstream? A. Pendrin OB. Transcortin Clodothyronine deiodinase, type 1 (DIO1) D. Retinoid X receptor (RXR) E. Protein kinase AQuestion 23 One of the enzymes in the adrenal medulla responsible for epinephrine synthesis is tyrosine hydroxylase, which catalyzes the aromatic hydroxylation of tyrosine to form L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L- DOPA). Which hormone increases the production of epinephrine through increasing transcription of tyrosine hydroxylase? O A. Antidiuretic hormone OB. Thyrotropin releasing hormone OC. Thyroid hormone O D. Adrenocorticotropin ⒸE. InsulinQuestion 15 Arrange signalling cascade events in chronological order. Release of Ca2* ions triggered by IP3 release Dissociation of GTP from alpha-subunit in G proteins Sweet molecules binds to G-protein coupled receptors. v Activation of phospholipase C >
- QUESTION 56 PDGF 100- PI3K PI3K 50 GAPO 771 O GAP protein P-site 3 4 7. PTP O 1009 O PTP PI3K 740, 751 + GAP 771 1021 PTP 1009 PLC PLC PLC-y 1021 When activated by ligand binding, the PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor) receptor becomes phosphorylated on 5 tyrosine residues (left figure). These phosphorylated tyrosines serve as binding sites for proteins that contain SH2 domains (SH2 domains bind phosphorylated Y). These proteins include phospholipase C-gamma (PLC-gamma), a phosphotyrosine phosphatase (PTP), a Ras GTPase-Activating Protein (GAP), and a phosphotidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K). PDGF stimulates several changes in the target cell, one of which is DNA synthesis. To determine which effectors of the PDGF receptor is/are responsible for stimulating DNA synthesis, you construct several mutant forms of the receptor that retain individual or combinations of the phosphorylation sites. You express these in cells and monitor DNA synthesis. The results are shown in the right figure.…QUESTION 34 Adenylyl cyclase activity will increase in response to the binding of adenosine triphosphate protein kinase A phosphorylated CAMP activated Gs proteinQUESTION 44 In adult neurons, there is a higher concentration of chloride outside the cell than inside the cell. During development, intracellular chloride concentrations are much higher such that GABA causes excitation of the postsynaptic neuron. Why could changing the CI¯ concentration result in excitation? Higher concentrations of CI¯ prevent the release of GABA from the presynaptic neuron. There is a smaller Ca2* conductance. ECi is now more positive than the action potential threshold. ECI is now more negative than the action potential threshold.
- QUESTION 56 PDGF HILL 100 PI3K PI3K 751 50 GAP O O GAP 771 protein Psite 1 2 PTP O 1009 O PTP PI3K 740, 751 GAP 771 1021 PTP 1009 PLC PLC PLC-y 1021 When activated by ligand binding, the PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor) receptor becomes phosphorylated on 5 tyrosine residues (left figure). These phosphorylated tyrosines serve as binding sites for proteins that contain SH2 domains (SH2 domains bind phosphorylated Y). These proteins include phospholipase C-gamma (PLC-gamma), a phosphotyrosine phosphatase (PTP), a Ras GTPase- Activating Protein (GAP), and a phosphotidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K). PDGF stimulates several changes in the target cell, one of which is DNA synthesis. To determine which effectors of the PDGF receptor is/are responsible for stimulating DNA synthesis, you construct several mutant forms of the receptor that retain individual or combinations of the phosphorylation sites. You express these in cells and monitor DNA synthesis. The results are shown the right figure.…QUESTION 34 During fruit fly development, a transmembrane protein called Delta on the surfaces of presumptive neurons binds to a receptor, called Notch, on the surfaces of the immediately adjacent cells. This signals to the adjacent cells not to differentiate into neurons. This mode of signaling is: juxtacrine paracrine autocrine endocrineQuestion 9 The product of the oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is: O 2-phosphoglycerate O 1,3-biphosphoglycerate O phosphoenolpyruvate O fructose 1,6-biphosphate oxaloacetate Previc
- Question 27 Thyroid stimulating hormone regulates the transcription of the gene for which of the following? A. lodothyronine deiodinase, type 1 (DIO1) B. Thyroid hormone receptor a C. Thyroid peroxidase OD. B adrenergic receptor O E. Cytochrome P450SCCQUESTION 1 The Wnt signaling pathway component, Dsh, effects the action of B catenin by: O A. inhibiting the function of axin in the destruction complex O B. blocking GSK-3B from joining the destruction complex O C. stimulating ubiquitination of B catenin O D. causing its release into the cytosol from the plasma membrane complex O E. causing an increase in phophorylation of B catenin QUESTION 2 PCR can be used to identify the breakage points of mtDNA that are joined to form a mitochondrial genome with a deletion. This techni que uses: O A. two primers outside the deleted region; a long PCR extension segment. O B. one primer within the deleted region and one primer outside the deleted region; a long PCR extension segment O C. one primer within the deleted region and one primer outside the deleted region; a short PCR extension segment O D. two primers outside the deleted region; a short PCR extension segment O E. two primers within the deleted region; a short PCR extension segmentHelp me please