A sharp growth line in the SIM media is an indication of what characteristic?   A) Hydrogen sulfide gas production B) Tryptophan breakdown C) Indole production D) Non-motile

Q: Why is it important for the commercial canning process to destroy the endospores of Clostridium…

A: An endospore is basically a dormant, tough and non-reproductive structure produced by some bacteria.

Q: Why is it not safe to assume that two microorganisms with the same G + C content belong to the same…

A: The GC content helps in establishing the relatedness between species when there is a similarity in…

Q: enrichment culture to isolate aerobic and anaerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, sulfate-reducing…

A: Enrichment culture:  This type of culture containing  certain growth media ,allows  and  favours the…

Q: Why would farmers be concerned about nitrifying bacteria?

A: Nitrifying bacteria are a small group of aerobic bacteria belonging to the family Nitrobacteraceae…

Q: The results of Figure 2 highlights the antibacterial activity of cacay oil. Since the method…

A: MH broth is used to determine minimum inhibitory concentration in microbiology.

Q: Which characteristic of the species used determines whether sterility was achieved when autoclaved?

A: Microorganism: These are too small organism which is impossible to see by naked eyes. They exist in…

Q: What is the best growth medium that contains glucose that can be used to acclimatize bacteria? and…

A: A growth medium is a liquid, solid, or semi-solid preparation that supports the growth of a…

Q: Is the Tryptoc Soy Agar (TSA) a complex defined medium? Explaining based on its composition?  Is TSA…

A: Trypticase soy agar  (TSA) and Trypticase soy broth is a growth media for the culturing of bacteria.

Q: What role do exoenzymes play in nutrition of microorganisims?

A: An enzyme that is secreted by a cell and functions outside that cell is known as exoenzyme.…

Q: why is it that psychrotrophs placed in TSA medium are incubated at 7oC?

A: Psychrophiles are organisms that can survive and reproduce in low temperatures as low as -20 degrees…

Q: What growth factor is often supplied for cultivation of fastidious bacterial pathogens?

A: A fastidious organism requires specific nutrients for growth. In microbiology, the culture medium…

Q: What is the difference between nitrification and nitrogen fixation?

A: Nitrogen is one of the most prevalent element in living organisms. It is a component of amino acids,…

Q: describe the type of growth if E. coli is also allowed to grow in a medium containing glucose…

A: To describe The type of growth if E. coli is also allowed to grow in a medium containing glucose…

Q: what is the present microorganisms in soft swell spoilage?

A: Canning is a type of food preservation method, which includes the preservation of food in air tight…

Q: What is a generally minimum pH for growth and toxin production by Clostridium botulinum and other…

A: Clostridium botulinum is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic, spore-forming, motile bacteria that…

Q: how can you use the unique characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes to produce a growth medium that…

A: Selective media contains those nutritional factors which will provide the growth of only desired…

Q: Name the source from where agar-agar is obtained.

A: Agar-agar is a gelatinous substance that is formed by a combination of linear polysaccharide agarose…

Q: Give an example of an industrial/clinical setting where quantifying viable bacteria would be useful.…

A: Quantifying viable bacteria is useful :-

Q: What is the primary reason that wine is pasteurized?

A: Food technology is a branch of science which deals with various aspects of food science such as…

Q: Why is it important to determine the number of mesophilic spores in a food ingredient?

A: Sometimes  spore forming mesophilic bacteria found in food ingradient, mainly in dairy product. It…

Q: If two cultures of a facultative anaerobe were grown under identical conditions except that one was…

A: Bacteria are microscopic organisms which belong to prokaryote because these are unicellular…

Q: How would you distinguish between Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis on mannitol salt agar and…

A: Hi! Thanks for your question. As you have posted multiple questions and have not mentioned which one…

Q: While you were working on the oil spill problem, you received a report showing that the bacteria you…

A: The release of liquid petroleum hydrocarbons into the water bodies like oceans is known as oil…

Q: hy is nutrient broth considered as a universal growth medium for bacteria?

A: Nutrient Broth is a general-purpose medium for growing a wide range of fastidious and non-fastidious…

Q: If the inoculation of yeast during the process of vinegar making are not done, can we still produce…

A: Vinegar is nothing but acetic acid which is present in aqueous state. This can be used as flavouring…

Q: How is the CTSA (coconut water tryptic soy agar) growth medium designed to meet the nutritional need…

A: Many different kinds of media are formulated in the microbiology lab to support the growth of a wide…

Q: Which of these bacterial characteristics could be evaluated with one of the rapid identification…

A: Arabinose Fermentation Test is used to determine the if the microbes can ferment the carbohydrate…

Q: Are you able to identify the lag, log, stationary and death phase in using this growth curve?

A: Microbes grown in a closed or batch culture in which  certain conditions are that no nutrients are…

Q: An auxotroph bacterium A could grow only on a medium containing leucine, and an auxotroph bacterium…

A: Auxotrophs are the mutant strain which are not able to grow on minimal media. Such mutant strains…

Q: Name two biological processes that operate in a fixed film-growth mode?

A: This model considers secondary clarifier at a rural sewage treatment plant which is a typical phase…

Q: How was the product of streptomycin isolated by the scientist who discovered this?

A: Streptomycin was first discovered by the American biochemists Selman Walksman,Albert Schatz and…

Q: What is the importance of anammox in the treatment of wastewaters?

A: The bacterial phylum called Planctomycetes consists of organisms that carry out anaerobic ammonium…

Q: What is the ecological and practical importance of methanogens?

A: Methanogens refer to the microorganisms that release methane in oxygen-deficient conditions as a…

Q: Why do soil microbes naturally produce antibiotics?

A: Antibiotics are metabolic products of microorganisms that inhibit or completely destroy the growth…

Q: LAB produce organic acids that have shown to be effective against controlling the growth of…

A: Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) are Gram-positive, non-sporeforming, anaerobic cocci with G+C content of…

Q: What types of bacteria grow on nutrient agar?

A: Nutrient agar is a nutrient-rich medium that allows the growth of a wide range of organisms in the…

Q: What is the proper term for an organism whose optimum growth range is between 20 and 50C but can…

A: The temperature range in which the microbe grows corresponds to the temperature at which its enzymes…

Q: What conditions need to change in order to allow for thermophilic spores to grow instead of…

A: Spores are a dormant form of bacteria. They are tough and highly resistant to unfavorable conditions…

Q: Other than being used in treating corn seeds, why is it recommended to use metalaxyl in combination…

A: Metalaxyl is a systemic fungicide that is effective against oomycetes. Metalaxyl is a systemic…

Q: When both glucose and lactose are present in the media in which E. coli is growing, which is the…

A: Metabolism encompasses any and all metabolic reactions that take place within a cell or organism.…

Q: Is the mannitol salt agar (MSA) a complex or defined medium? Explain based on Composition. What kind…

A: The selective ingredients of MSA the bile salts and the dye, crystal violet which inhibit the growth…

Q: What would happen if you forgot to add NaCl in culture used for isolating vibrios? Which  species…

A: Vibrio bacteria are comma shaped(Curved rod shaped)bacteria; which shows mobility  because of the…

Q: How do the processes of nitrification and denitrification differ?

A: Both denitritification and nitrification are important processes for nitrogen balance in ecosystem…

Q: What process in the microorganism used for wine production contributes to the formation of hydrogen…

A: Yeasts are eukaryotic single celled microbes that are classified as the members of the fungus…

Q: What is a starter culture and what is its purpose? What are the characteristics of a good starter…

A: STARTER CULTURE:- Starter culture are those microorganisms that are used in the production of…

Pathogenicity

Infection and Transmission

The infections are generated by the pathogenic organisms present in the environment. They maintain the capacity to invade a host body and establish colonies. A disease caused by such infectious agents is called a communicable disease or transmissible disease. These diseases spread through diverse means including blood, food, water, air, or vectors.