A nominal 7 Ah Li-ion battery has an open cell potential of 3.6 and is being charged at 0.75 C. The cell resistance is a constant 10 m\Omega, and the Tafel equation for this cell is -0.02 + 0.055log(1). Considering Ohmic and activation polarization, determine: cell potential during charging and charging efficiency. What is the rate of heat generation (in kW) from irreversible losses duringthis charging process, based on the nominal capacity?
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- A stand-alone photo voltaic (PV) system for operating a street light consists of a PV array, storage battery, controller and DC-AC inverter o which an LED bulb of 20 Watts is connected. The PV array consists of 2 modules each containing 36 single crystal Si cells, each of 10 cm diameter. Conversion efficiency of the PV cells is 11%. The battery has an efficiency of 0.82 both while charging and discharging. DC-AC inverter has an efficiency of 0.85 while discharging the energy. The PV array receives solar radiation of approximately 22,600 kJ/m? per day. i. If the controller switches on the street light at 18:00 hrs, find the time when the street light would be switched off because of complete battery discharge. Calculate the energy stored in the battery on this day. ii.In an electrical discharge machining process, the breakdown voltage across inter electrode gap (IEG) is 200 V and the capacitance of the RC circuit is 50 μF. The energy (in J) released per spark across the IEG is TA charged nonconducting rod, with a length of 2.52 m and a cross-sectional area of 4.76 cm², lies along the positive side of an x axis with one end at the origin. The volume charge density p is charge per unit volume in coulombs per cubic meter. How many excess electrons are on the rod if p is (a) uniform, with a value of -4.66 µC/m³, and (b) nonuniform, with a value given by p= bx², where b = -2.18 µC/m²? (a) Number i (b) Number i Units Units
- An ideal capacitor with a capacitance of 90.0 nF is charged up to a voltage of 3.00 V. (i) Calculate the magnitude of charge stored in the capacitor. (ii) Determine the potential energy stored in the capacitor. (iii) The capacitor is disconnected from the battery and is then inserted with a piece of mica of which the dielectric constant is 5.00. Compare the final potential energy to the initial potential energy in the capacitor.A 4.0-nm-diameter protein is in a 0.050 M KCl solution at 25° C. The protein has 9 positive and 20 negative charges. Model the protein as a sphere with a uniform surface charge density. Part A What is the electric potential of the protein at the surface? Express your answer with the appropriate units. μA ? Vsurface = Value Units Submit Request Answer Part B What is the electric potential of the protein 2.0 nm from the surface? Express your answer with the appropriate units. με V2 nm = Value Units Submit Request AnswerA resistance-capacitance relaxation circuit is used in an electrical discharge machining process. The discharge voltage is 100 V. At a spark cycle time of 25 µs, the average Power input required is 1 kW. The capacitance (in uF) in the circuit is
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