(a) An experiment can be designed to test the effect of different temperature levels on the functioning of catalase. Identify the appropriate independent and dependent variables for this experiment. (b) Identify an appropriate method to measure the dependent variable in this experiment and justify your choice.
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- The enzyme phosphoglucomutase catalyzes the conversion of glucose 1-phosphate to glucose 6-phosphate. After the reactants and products were mixed and allowed to reach equilibrium at 25°C, the concentration of glucose 1-phosphate was 4.5 mM and that of glucose 6-phosphate was 86 mM. Calculate Keq' and AG for this reaction. The reaction coordinate diagram for an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is shown below. How many transition states and intermediates are in the reaction? Is the reaction thermodynamically favorable? Which step is the rate-determining step of the reaction? G Reaction coordinateConsider the reaction: H O C—C—C—SCOA H₂C(CH₂)C= CO H H₂C-(CH₂) What kind of reaction is being performed here? b. What enzyme performs this reaction? OH H O O=C -C—C—C—SCOA H H c. What cofactors, if any, are required for this reaction?The conversion of glucose to glucose 6-phosphate is an endergonic reaction (eql below). The second equation below is an exergonic reaction that can occur in all cells. Considering this information, how can the reaction in equation 3 proceed? EQ1: Glucose + Pj --> glucose 6-phosphate EQ2: ATP + H20 --> ADP + Pj EQ3: Glucose + ATP --> glucose 6-phosphate + ADP Select one: a. The energy required to make Eq3 spontaneous is provided by the enzyme catalyzing the reaction b. The energy released from equation 1 is more than the energy consumed in equation 2 making the overall reaction AG negative and the reaction spontaneous. c. The energy released from equation 2 is more than the energy consumed in equation 1 making the overall reaction AG positive and the reaction spontaneous. d. The energy released from equation 2 is more than the energy consumed in equation 1 making the overall reaction AG negative and the reaction spontaneous. e. The energy released from equation 1 is more than the energy…
- Consider an enzyme (P) that gets activated by forming a dimer (P2): 2P = P2 At 25 °C, we have AH- 19 kJ/mol and AS-65 kJ/mol, for this dimerization reaction. Identify the correct statement. O The enzyme is activated when kept at temp = +37 °C. O The enzyme is activated at all temperatures. O The enzyme is activated when kept in the fridge with temp = 4 "C. O The enzyme can never be activated, no matter what the temperature is. O None of the above statements is true.Soy sauce is prepared by fermenting a salted mixture of soybeans and wheat with several microorganisms, including yeast, over a period of 8 to 12 months. The resulting sauce (after solids are removed) is rich in lactate andethanol. How are these two compounds produced? To prevent the soy sauce from having a strong vinegary taste (vinegar is dilute acetic acid), oxygen must be kept out of the fermentation tank. Why?A hypothetical three-step metabolic pathway consists of intermediates W, X, Y, and Z and enzymes A, B, and C. Deduce the order of the enzymatic steps in the pathway from the following information: 1. Compound Q, a metabolic inhibitor of enzyme B, causes Z to build up. 2. A mutant in enzyme C requires Y for growth. 3. An inhibitor of enzyme A causes W, Y, and Z to accumulate. 4. Compound P, a metabolic inhibitor of enzyme C, causes W and Z to build up.
- An enzyme that catalyzes the reaction X ⇌ Y is isolated from two bacterial species. The enzymes have the same Vmax but different Km values for the substrate X. Enzyme A has a Km of 2.0 μM, and enzyme B has a Km of 0.5 μM. The plot below shows the kinetics of reactions carried out with the same concentration of each enzyme and with [X] = 1 μM. Which curve corresponds to which enzyme? Explain.In biological systems, enzymes are used to accelerate the rates of certain bio- logical reactions. Glucoamylase is an enzyme that aids in the conversion of starch to glucose (a sugar that cells use for energy). Experiments show that 1 pg mol of glucoamylase in a 4% starch solution results in a production rate of glucose of 0.6 ug mol/(mL)(min). Determine the production rate of glucose for this system in the units of Ib mol/(ft³)(day). Ibmol Answer: 0.0639 ft day True FalseIn a lab experiment involving temperature and a glycolytic enzyme isolated from E. coli, you notice the reaction rate increases as temperature increases until the temperature reaches 50 degrees Celsius at which time the reaction rate rapidly decreases. How would you explain the decrease in reaction rate at high temperatures? (best answer) there is a mistake in your experiment as reaction rates should continue to increase as temperature is increased at high temperatures, because of the high speed with which the molecules are moving, when they collide with the enzymes, the enzymes are denatured and thus lose function at high temperatures, the substrate is destroyed at high temperatures, there is a great decrease in activation energy for the reaction until there is no more activation energy remaining
- Consider a reaction in which reactants X and Y combine to form the product Z. The diagram below compares the reaction coordinates for the catalyzed and uncatalyzed pathways of this reaction. B. X+Y Reaction Coordinate What does letter B represent? O Letter B represents the activation energy of the uncatalyzed reaction pathway. Letter B represents the energy difference between the reactants and products for the uncatalyzed pathway. O Letter B represents the activation energy of the catalyzed reaction pathway. Letter B represents the energy difference between the reactants and products for the catalyzed pathway. EnergyWhich of the following is TRUE under the following conditions: the enzyme concentration is 2.5 nM, substrate concentration is 75 nM, the KM = 150 nM, and the Vmax = 20 nmol/min a) The rate of the reaction is 20 nmol/min! b) The rate of the reaction is between 10 nmol/min and 20 nmol/min. c) The rate of the reaction is 10 nmol/min. d) The rate of the reaction is below 10 nmol/min. e) The rate cannot be determined from the above information.The decomposition reaction of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) proceeds as follows: 2 H₂0₂ → 2 H₂O + 0₂ 2 This reaction can occur without a catalyst, in the presence of a chemical catalyst (platinum) or of a biological catalyst (catalase). 1- From the values given in the table below, determine the catalytic power of each catalyst (ratio of the catalyzed rate of reaction to the uncatalyzed rate). 2- Which catalyst is the most efficient? Reaction conditions No catalyst Platinum Catalase Ea (kJ.mol¹) at 20 °C 75 49 8